Graff argues his ideals after he came to shocking realization that he was using intellectualism when arguing about sport topics with his friends. He declares that the common idea of intellectualism should be disregarded. Realizing that arguing any topic can teach the foundations of intellectualism, he argues that students could learn the foundations of intellectualism by arguing any topic. He also states his belief that students would be more ready to learn about topics that they are interested in. Students would be more prone to intellectual learning if they were allowed to learn about subjects that interested