Idaho Gold Rush Analysis

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It was with the 1862 gold rush to Boise Basin that the development of the State of Idaho began. The Basin story is a fascination one, well deserving of its place in history. This brief summary only highlights key points of the area’s history.

The rush was on. Originally, people traveled by steamer up the Columbia River to Umatilla, departing from Umatilla by stage lines, and finally journeying by pack-train to the Boise Basin. Difficult winters and shortages of food made life treacherous. One year a food riot occurred because the spring supplies from Walla Walla had not arrived. The Basin’s population swelled to 25,000. The mining proved extensive and the gold was evenly distributed through out the Basin. Many claimed it was the "best mining district we ever saw". The mining laws were considered fair and liberal. On February 4, 1864 Boise County was established. This same year wagon roads brought the …show more content…
Idaho City assumed the notoriety as being the best mining camp in the Basin and the general rendezvous of miners, speculators, and gamblers. There was plenty of amusement. Streets were thronged with wagons, horses, mule, and cattle. Idaho City also was favored by its never failing water supply.

The basin attracted families as it offered special appeal to those seeking homes. More children and women were in evidence here than in most other mining camps. Two early schools were in operations well as a lending library. The Basin also believed in and appreciated good government.

The height of the boom lasted from 1863 to 1866. By 1867 many sold out to Chinese miners who were able, through industrious work, to make the mines pay; the 1870 Census lists 1700 Chinese. The rich gold fields were considered "panned out" as most readily worked streams had been worked. Another major factor in the decline was the high loss caused by destructive fires. Fires hit Idaho City in 1865, 1867, 1868 and
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