Industrial Structure

Submitted By sophie-franks
Words: 664
Pages: 3
Open Document
Industrial structure is the differences in properties of primary, secondary and tertiary jobs in an area. This essay will examine the two contrasting regions of the north east (which is dominated by manufacturing) and the south east (which is dominated by the tertiary, financial sector).

The North East covers Northumberland, County Durham, Tyne and Wear, and Teesside, which is partly in North Yorkshire. The industrial structure in this region used to be dominated by coalmining, iron and steel production, shipbuilding and chemicals. However, these industries have all declined rapidly in the twentieth and twenty-first centuries, due to foreign competition and high land and labor costs, as well as the exhaustion of coal seams in North East England. For example in 1947, there were 108,000 miners in the region in 127 pits, but by 1994 the last mine was closed and employment fell to just 55. In 1971, manufacturing accounted for 40% of employment in the region, but by 1996 this had fallen to 24% , with a loss of 95,000 jobs. This made the North East less wealthy, due to a large amount of people not earning a lot, or even none at all. In comparison, south east England, which is situated around the English capital city of London and located closest to the Continent is the opposite of the north east. It is a centre service for service industries, such as health, education and transport. In addition, there are important oil refineries at Southampton. This is an area of light industry, which includes new industries in the M4 corridor, like electronics and light engineering. Oxford is a centre for car production. There are also many financial and business service industries located in offices in the region. Unemployment is low (6.4% 2011) and prosperity is high in contrast to the north east.

Furthermore, despite these massive changes in the employment structure, the north east is still an important manufacturing area. Part of the reason for the growth of industry in the region was establishment of the Enterprise Zone in the 1980s, which gave relief from local business rate, reductions in corporation tax, and ‘fast tracking’ of the planning process, as well as subsidies for capital spending. These all helped to attract new firms to the area. In contrast, South east England has other ways for it being attractive to the industry, such as the location being where the four major airports are (Gatwick, Heathrow,Luton, Stansted) , this makes it excellent communications with other countries. Additionally, there are important ports there, such as Southampton, which allow the movement of heavy, bulky goods, and Tilbury and
Show More

Related Documents: Industrial Structure

Function of family finished Essay

Theory: Parsons (1955) believes the functions that the family has to perform will depend on the kinds of society in which is found. Parson = two main types of society. – Modern industrial society ( nuclear family, the dominant family type )and traditional pre- industrial society (extended family) Parson sees industrial society as having two essential needs: 1. Geographically Mobile Workforce – people spent whole lives living in villages in pre. Now In modern people have to move countries to work…

Words 1519 - Pages 7

Essay Acid and Transaction Model

Industrial Management & Data Systems Architecture for integration of distributed ERP systems and e‐commerce systems Lars Frank Article information: To cite this document: Lars Frank, (2004),"Architecture for integration of distributed ERP systems and e#commerce systems", Industrial Management & Data Systems, Vol. 104 Iss 5 pp. 418 - 429 Permanent link to this document: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/02635570410537507 Downloaded by Northumbria University At 13:02 01 October 2014 (PT) Downloaded on:…

Words 8856 - Pages 36

Essay on Chemistry: Covalent Bond and Free Moving Electrons

Identify data sources, gather, process and analyse information from secondary sources to identify the industrial separation processes used on a mixture obtained from the biosphere, lithosphere, hydrosphere or atmosphere and use the evidence available to: Identify the properties of the mixture used in its separation Identify the products of separation and their uses Discuss issues associated with wastes from processes used |Sphere…

Words 2205 - Pages 9

Petroleum and Diesel Fuel Essay

Chemistry in cars Introduction: Diesel fuel is a mixture of hydrocarbons obtained by distillation of crude oil. The important properties, which are used to characterize diesel fuel, include certain number (or certain index), fuel volatility, density, viscosity, cold behavior, and sulfur content. Diesel fuel specifications differ for various fuel grades and in different countries. Main part: Diesel fuel is used in the diesel engines found in most freight trucks, trains, buses, boats, and…

Words 535 - Pages 3

Trenton Social Structure

The foundation and make-up of social structures are critical components of the variables examined in this report. The outcomes of interest include educational attainment, median household income, and poverty status, all of which are closely related to social structures and the hierarchal organization of status and roles. The educational attainment that an individual acquires is extremely important in affecting his or her status and role in the institutional arrangement of society. Level of education…

Words 1806 - Pages 8

The Market Revolution: The Antebellum Era

Essay 1 The Market Revolution The antebellum era was a period not only of profound political change but also of significant technological, economic and social innovation. The Industrial Revolution that began in Europe in the 1700s had produced new inventions and different methods of production. For instance, the American inventors transformed the U.S. economy with innovations of their own. The overall rapid development of manufacturing and improved farming had such a profound effect on the American…

Words 1928 - Pages 8

Chemical Bonds Essay

Presented within the Pyrite bond model, is the ionic bond of Iron and sulfur in the an ionic lattice structures. The bond occurs as a result of the strong electrostatic attraction between the opposite charges of the positive metallic ion of iron and the negative non-metal ion of sulfur. Within the model the larger blue spheres represent the sulfur while the smaller yellow spheres represent the iron. The structure is a cube because, the atoms form nice square molecules and the molecules join together with…

Words 2960 - Pages 12

Doing business in China Final Essay

to pronounced temperature differences between winter and summer. INTRODUCTION China is still a developing country with considerable differences between rural and urban areas, China represents a huge and largely untapped market with its GDP and annual foreign direct investment growing yearly. The new firms in China are proving to be very capable competitors that would be able to achieve taking global market share away from western and Japanese enterprises, with industrial sectors opening up in the…

Words 6205 - Pages 25

B&M Case Study The Imperial Notes Essay

slowly deteriorated why? 49-50, All option, Chapter 2.1 Very Important The Imperial: 1. Roger Williams established Imperial Hotel in 1906 at Mombasa, Kenya. 2. By 1920, the seaside hotel became very famous. 3. The hotel was an attractive 200-room property with a private beach and easy access to Mombasa Airport. 4. The hotel was very reputed and has a positive corporate image. 5. Grandiose (Magnificent) Architecture, high quality service, (elegant Décor) sophisticated designs and style. 6. This…

Words 2530 - Pages 11

CMBS101 Real Estate Essay

101™) Presenters: Rodney Pelletier, Fitch Ratings Vida Tayebi, Fitch Ratings Romano Paredes, Morgan Stanley CMSA-EUROPE CONFERENCE 2008 LONDON, 4-5 NOVEMBER Overview → What are CMBS? → CMBS Process & Players → Typical → Rating CMBS Deal Structure CMBS Transactions → Different → CMBS Types of CMBS Deals Market Overview – Sub-prime Impact – 2008 CMSA-EUROPE CONFERENCE 2008 LONDON, 4-5 NOVEMBER What are CMBS? → CMBS are bonds sold through the capital markets, whose payments are backed…

Words 3365 - Pages 14