Inorganic Liquid Ammonia Essay

Submitted By Andre-Rebelo
Words: 1433
Pages: 6
Open Document
To: Professor
Pearsall
From: Andre Rebelo

Drew University
Department of Chemistry
Chem 342L­ Advanced Inorganic Chemistry Date: March 2015 CC:

Experiment 4: Synthesis of P h2CH 2CH 2Ph2 in Liquid Ammonia and H and P NMR and Melting Point

Abstract:
In this experiment, the preparation of a solution containing solvated electrons is achieved by dissolving sodium metal (2.3g, 0.1 mol) in liquid ammonia. This sodium­ammonia solution was used to induce the reductive cleavage of a phenyl group from triphenylphosphine to form sodium diphenylphosphide, which under our reaction conditions will precipitate from the solution as a yellow solid. Further additions of 1,2­dichloroethane produces
1,2­bis(diphenylphosphino)­ethane. The synthesized compound can act as a chelating bidentate ligand and be used in organometallic chemistry to stabilize low­valent transition­metal centres.
The verification of formation was conducted by taking a melting point and NMR ( H ). The literature value states1,2­bis(diphenylphosphino)ethane melts at 137­142 C. The synthesized product (shiney white crystal solid) had a melting point range of 139­142 C strongly indicating the formation of dppe. Roughly, 0.169 g of 1,2­bis(diphenylphosphino)ethane was formed correlating to a percent yield of 0.4 %. Of course, additional data was need and thus, the NMR taken present show peaks at 1.3 ppm, 2.3 ppm and 7.1­8.0 ppm, which is the necessary evidence to prove the formation of 1,2­bis(diphenylphosphino)ethane. Introduction: In chemical laboratories, liquid ammonia can extensively be utilized as a non­aqueous solvent, as a medium for reductions. Since, liquid ammonia contains hydrogen bonding interactions it will have unusual properties that allow it to dissolve compounds not readily soluble in water. Anhydrous liquid ammonia, for example has the chemical properties to dissolve certain high reducing metals including alkali, alkaline and lanthanide metals. The addition of electropositive metals to liquid NH3 creates a deep blue color characteristic of solvated electrons. It is important to mention at high concentration of electropositive metals such as sodium a color change can occur from deep blue to a bronze brought out by the solvent electrons. In a reaction with sodium metal any indication of transformation of reagents is apparent when the intense blue color disappears. In our experiment, sodium metal is used along with liquid ammonia to create a sodium­ammonia solution to acts as a strong reducing agent to add two electrons to triphenylphosphine. In that process of moving electrons a cleavage occurs between a C − P bond in triphenylphosphine producing sodium diphenylphosphide by which a reaction with 1,2­dichloroethane synthesizes 1,2­Bis(diphenylphosphino)ethane. The reaction sequence can be seen below in figure one.

Figure 1: Reaction Scheme: 1­ Formation of Sodium­Ammonia Solution: Na(s) + NH3(L) → N aNH2 + H2 ­Used as a reducing agent to add two electrons to triphenylphosphine. Intense deep blue solution. 2. Cleavage of Carbon­ Phosphorus Bond: P (C6H5)3 + 2Na → NaP(C6H5)2 + NaC6H5
N aC6H5 ­ conjuga te base of benzene­ quickly deprotonates ammonia to N aNH2 must be neutralized. ­ via N H4Br forming a sodium salt and additional liquid ammonia ­ color change occurs: Deep blue to an intense red­orange.
­ Color fluctuates to a bronze­red orange­ orange
­ Product One
N aP(C6H5)2 ­ Product Two
­ Yellow carney salt
­Soluble in polar solvents. (dichloromethane) 3. Addition of 1,2­Dichloroethane 2NaP(C6H5)2 + C2H2Cl2 → (C6H5)2PCH2CH2P(C6H5)2

In conducting the experiment, we hope to gain familiarity with the non­aqueous solvents and bidentate ligands. In addition, familiarity in laboratory techniques
Show More

Related Documents: Inorganic Liquid Ammonia Essay

Essay on Nutrients and Global Systems

above and under the ground. Water in the Hydrosphere can be found in all solid, gaseous and liquid forms such as ice, vapor and water. As the diagram shows, the Hydrosphere works in a cycle. Liquid water from lakes and oceans evaporate into vapour forming clouds and sometimes fog in the atmosphere, vapor precipitates into either a solid (ice) or liquid (water) form where ice or snow can melt into liquid once more where the cycle repeats. The Atmosphere The Atmosphere is generally the layer…

Words 1103 - Pages 5

AP Bio practice problems Essays

fatty acid. B) A diet rich in this molecule may contribute to atherosclerosis. C) Molecules of this type are usually liquid at room temperature. D) It is a saturated fatty acid and a diet rich in this molecule may contribute to atherosclerosis. E) It is a saturated fatty acid, a diet rich in this molecule may contribute to atherosclerosis, and molecules of this type are usually liquid at room temperature. Answer: D Topic: Concept 5.3 Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension 1) The element present in all…

Words 2494 - Pages 10

Essay on Preparation of Bis Acetylacetonao Copper 2

Reactions of the hexaaqua ions with ammonia solution are complicated by the fact that the ammonia can have two quite different functions. Small amount of ammonaia can act as a base (in the Bronsted-Lowry sense). But it is also a possible ligand which can replace water molecules around the central metal ion if excess of ammonia is added. When it acts as a ligand, it is acting as a Lewis base. In our experiment, we are using acetyl…

Words 1382 - Pages 6

Linkage Isomerism Of Some Cobalt Complexes

Year 2 Inorganic 2 Linkage Isomerism of Some Cobalt Complexes Objectives Upon completion of this experiment you should understand: (1) Techniques of synthesising nitrito-κO and nitrito-κN linkage isomers of cobalt(III), understand their structures, and the mechanisms of the reactions by which they form. (2) How to confirm if nitrito-κO or nitrito-κN isomers are present using infra-red spectroscopy. Aim This experiment will illustrate linkage isomerism. Introduction A common property of coordination…

Words 1729 - Pages 7

cobalt lab repoert Essay

unknown compound, four characterization tests were performed using both compounds to determine the molar mass, non-ammonia ligands, the charge of the complex ion and the number of ammonia legends. As a result, the molar mass test related the absorbances of both compounds with the grams used and molecular weight to give a molar mass of 307.11 g/mole for the unknown compound. The non-ammonia ligands test using UV-vis showed that the maximum wavelength for the ligand of compound S was 518 nm. Therefore…

Words 8001 - Pages 33

Blood and Lymphatic Essay

Blood and Lymphatic Assignment 1. Allergen- Antigen capable of causing a hypersensitivity or allergy in the body. 2. Antibody- Protein material produced in body as a response to invasion of foreign substance. 3. B cells- (also called B lymphocytes) cells produced by the immune response process, humoral immunity. These cells respond to antigens by producing protective protein antibodies. 4. Bilirubin- Waste portion of damaged red blood cells that are disposed of by the liver. 5. B lymphocytes-…

Words 708 - Pages 3

Essay about Microbio 4000 Study Guide

nitrogen, and oxygen into forms that plants and animals can use. Only bacteria can naturally convert atmospheric nitrogen to a form available to plants and animals. 2. Decomposition of organic matter: sewage treatment; microbes convert leftover liquid and organic materials in sewage into by-products such as CO2, nitrates, sulfates, etc. 3. Bioremediation: microbes can be used to break down or remove toxins from underground wells, chemical spills, etc. Pseudomonas and Bacillus are commonly used…

Words 2130 - Pages 9

Essay on Science Review

C. The troposphere is the air layer about 11 miles above sea level. D. The stratosphere lies above the troposphere between 11–30 miles; it filters out the sun’s harmful radiation. E. The hydrosphere consists of the earth’s water, found in liquid water, ice, and water vapor. F. The lithosphere is the crust and upper mantle of the earth’s soil. It contains nonrenewable fossil fuels, minerals, and soil, and renewable soil chemicals needed for plant life. G. The biosphere includes most…

Words 3024 - Pages 13

The Importance Of Waste Management In Malaysia

According to Tan (2000), liquid waste is referred to as effluent. The liquid waste examples are effluent from process plant, industrial, agricultural and other sources. Large amount of liquid waste bring negative impact on environment. Thus, liquid waste treatment is required to remove contaminants from wastewater, both run-off and domestic. Furthermore, the treatment process is needed…

Words 2278 - Pages 10

Azotobacter Case Study

Facts for LIQUID BIOFERTILISER D edication The book is dedicated with the utmost respect and admiration to the my beloved mother F acts For LIQUID Biofertiliser The health of soil in the developing world could be dramatically improved if all farmers empowered with today’s essential liquid biofertilisers information. That information has now been brought together in “FACTS FOR LIQUID BIOFERTILISER” in the 67th year of independence of India and 43 years after the term “Green Revolution”…

Words 9703 - Pages 39