Nature would not invest / herself in such a shadowing passion without some instruction.” (4.1.39-40) Once he is certain of Desdemona’s guilt, he is no longer capable of acting rationally, and is determined to get revenge. The handkerchief is what convinces him, as it acts as a potent symbol for Desdemona’s fidelity, and once she loses it, she also loses her innocence in Othello’s eyes. Although Iago exploited Othello’s trust, Othello was quick to disavow his own lieutenant and wife after he is presented with circumstantial evidence of their disloyalty. John Channing Briggs says, “The handkerchief is for Othello far more than a mechanical sign. It is freighted with Othello's love, his stories, his family identity, his semi-magical exoticism, his fidelity” and thus it carries much more weight for Othello as circumstantial proof. The symbolism behind the handkerchief was much more powerful motivator for Othello’s reaction than the handkerchief itself, which prompted his hateful