According to the Court's holding, even though the written confession stated that Miranda had known his rights and waived them the facts of the case showed that his waiver of those rights did not satisfy constitutional standards. While the Court left open the specific safeguards the state can implement to demonstrate they had not violated the defendant's right, the Fifth Amendment required, at a minimum, that prior to interrogation, a defendant must be informed of his right to remain silent and that anything he says can be used against him. The Court also held that a defendant's privilege against self-incrimination also included the right to consult an attorney and have an attorney present during an interrogation. The presence of an attorney, according to the Court, was needed to make sure that a defendant though informed of his rights could still be coerced, bullied or intimidated by the police or a prosecutor to give up his