Modern Study notes Essay

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! Modern History !
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Definitions !
• Autocracy: government in which one person has uncontrolled or unlimited authority over others; the government or power of an absolute monarch.!
• Capitalism: an economic system in which investment in and ownership of the means of production, distribution, and exchange of wealth is made and maintained chiefly by private individuals or corporations, especially as contrasted to cooperatively or state-owned means of wealth.! • Communism: a system of social organisation in which all economic and social activity is controlled by a totalitarian state dominated by a single and self-perpetuating political party.!
• Decolonisation: The action of changing from colonial to independent status!
• Democracy: government by the people; a form of government in which the supreme power is vested in the people and exercised directly by them or by their elected agents under a free electoral system.!
• Feminism: the doctrine advocating social, political, and all other rights of women equal to those of men.!
• Globalisation: the act of globalizing, or extending to other or all parts of the world: the globalisation of manufacturing.!
• Terrorism: the unofficial or unauthorised use of violence and intimidation in the pursuit of political aims.!
• Revolution: a forcible overthrow of a government or social order, in favour of a new system.!
• Industrialisation: The process in which a society or country (or world) transforms itself from a primarily agricultural society into one based on the manufacturing of goods and services.!
• Self-determination: the process by which a country determines its own statehood and forms its own government!
• Sectarianism: is bigotry, discrimination, or hatred arising from attaching importance to perceived differences between subdivisions within a group, such as between different denominations of a religion, class, regional or factions of a political movement.!

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Individuals and groups in relation to!
• Liberalism: parliamentary systems of government, nonviolent modification of political, social, or economic institutions to assure unrestricted development in all spheres of human endeavor, and governmental guarantees of individual rights and civil liberties. They believed the role of the government was to protect the rights of free elections, civil rights, freedom of the press, freedom of religion and private property.!
• Nationalism: is a belief, creed or political ideology that involves an individual identifying with, or becoming attached to, one's nation. Nationalism involves national identity.!
• Socialism: a political and economic theory of social organization which advocates that the means of production, distribution, and exchange should be owned or regulated by the community as a whole.!
• Internationalism: the principle of cooperation among nations, for the promotion of their common good, sometimes as contrasted with nationalism, or devotion to the interests of a particular nation.! • Imperialism: the policy of extending the rule or authority of an empire or nation over foreign countries, or of acquiring and holding colonies and dependencies.!

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Russia and the Soviet union !

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World at the beginning of the twentieth century !

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Describe the role of key individuals, groups and events of selected studies from the eighteenth century to the present!
P1.2 investigate and explain the key features and issues of selected studies from the eighteenth century to the present!
P2.1 identify forces and ideas and explain their significance in contributing to change and continuity from the eighteenth century to the present!
P3.1 ask relevant historical questions!
P3.2 locate, select and organise relevant information from different types of sources!
P3.3 comprehend and analyse sources for their usefulness and reliability!
P3.4 identify and account for differing perspectives and
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