Neuroglia Case Studies

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Neuroglia
The nervous system has many functions namely:
1. Monitoring of the internal conditions of the body and also external factors that may affect the body.
2. Integration of any sensory information
3. Coordinates voluntary and involuntary responses within the body.
The above mentioned functions are performed by cells called neurons, the neurons are supported and protected by other cells which collectively are given the term neuroglia.
Neuroglia are found in both the Central Nervous System (CNS) and the Peripheral Nervous System (PNS). However, the CNS has a greater array of neuroglial cells.
There are four types of neuroglial cells in the CNS:

1. Astrocytes – these are the largest both in size and in number. Astrocytes secrete chemicals which play an integral role in maintaining the blood-brain barrier, which separates the CNS from the rest of the circulation. …show more content…
The consequence of this is a gradual loss of sensation and movement, and the affected areas become numb and paralyzed.
Multiple Sclerosis (MS) is one such disorder and axons in the optic nerve, brain and spinal cord are the ones mainly affected by this disease.
Common signs and symptoms of MS include partial loss of sight and difficulty with speech, balance and general motor coordination. Guillan-Barre syndrome is another example of a demyelination disorder. Neurotransmitters
Neurotransmitters are the chemicals which allow the transmission of signals from one neuron to the next across synapses. They are also found at the axon endings of motor neurons, where they stimulate the muscle fibers. And they and their close relatives are produced by some glands such as the pituitary and the adrenal glands. In this chapter, we will review some of the most significant neurotransmitters.
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