Non-Contrast Computed Tomography

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6/30/2017

Abdihamid Hilowle

The Hounsfield Units Measured by Non-Contrast Computed Tomography & its effects on fragmentation
Introduction & Literature Review

The process of forming stones in the kidney, bladder, and/or urethra (urinary tract) which is commonly known as Urolithiasis (UL) is reported to cause intense pain and potential complications for patients in all walks of life. The process of stone formation, Urolithiasis, is also called nephrolithiasis. "Nephrolithiasis" is derived from the Greek nephros- (kidney) lithos (stone) = kidney stone "Urolithiasis" is from the French word "urine" which, in turn, stems from the …show more content…
The stones themselves are also called renal caluli. The word "calculus" (plural: calculi) is the Latin word for pebble. Learning to recognize the symptoms of stone disease and knowing when to seek treatment will help prevent serious complications from this urologic disorder. Stone disease is caused by calcified stones in the urinary tract that originate in the kidneys.The stones form in the urine collecting area (the pelvis) of the kidney and may range in size from tiny to staghorn stones the size of the renal pelvis itself. With its multi factor etiology and high rates of recurrences, urinary tract stone diseases poses a very high …show more content…
Kidney stones occur in 1 in 20 people at some time in their life. Sometimes these stones cause no symptoms and pass through the urinary tract unnoticed. For some, extreme pain occurs when the stone begins to move from the kidneys on its way out of the body. If the stone is large enough, it will block the urinary tract and urine flow, causing sharp, cramping pain in the back, side, and lower abdomen. Sometimes blood appears in the urine, and urinary frequency may increase. Renal stones have affected humans for centuries. Many researchers are performing intense research to find out the mechanism of renal stone formation. Archeological findings and data provide us with ample proof that human have suffered from kidney and bladder stones for centuries (1).Examinations of Egyptian mummies have also revealed the existence of kidney and bladder stone disease. It has been reported that the English archeologist, E.Smith found a 5000 years old bladder stone at the
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