Nt1310 Unit 1 Exercise 1

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1 Set up and clustering phase

In this phase the mobile nodes that are able to move in every direction are distributed in the environment. The remaining energy and the credit are assumed to be the same. Each node stores some data about its neighbor nodes which includes the items that are shown in Fig.2: Fig.2 Neighbor nodes information Node identifier: This is the 8-bit field used to store the identifier of the neighboring nodes. Node-Credit: Each time it sends data to the neighbor's node, it listens to the channel. If it makes sure that the neighbor node has sent the data, the credit will increase. This field is 3-bit. Node-state: This field is 2-bit and if a neighbor node is identified as a selfish node by the cluster head then it will be announced to every other neighbor node. The selfish node field is filled as ‘s’ state and no data will be sent to this node. Node-Score: This is a 5-bit field and according to the equation (1) will fill the field per each neighbor it has so to select the highest amount as the cluster head among those.
In the proposed method after identifying and deploying network nodes for …show more content…
Three watchdog nodes will be selected and they will monitor the function of the suspicious nodes. At line 24, the number of the sent packets and the number of received packets is calculated from the suspicious node. At line 29, LP must be less than the threshold η. The behavior of the node will be controlled n times and in case of getting the same results in these n times the selfish node will be detected by the watchdog node. This result will be announced to the cluster head and each of the watchdog nodes will announce their reports to the cluster head node. The cluster head node using majority vote at line 41 will decide on the selfishness or cooperation state of the node and will announce it to the cluster

Nt1310 Unit 1 Exercise 1

utilization of any fixed infrastructures or centralized access points. In MANET, every node acts not only as a host however also as a router to forward messages for different nodes that don't seem to be among the same direct wireless transmission range[1]. every device in a very MANET is free to move independently in any direction, and can thus modification its links to different devices frequently. MANETs are much more vulnerable and are susceptible to numerous kinds of security attacks [2]. These…

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Nt1310 Unit 1 Exercise 1

1. Oscilloscope: The display of the waveform on the oscilloscope gives immediate qualitative information on the degree and type of distortion. Sometimes cases of resonances are individual through the observable distortion that is present in the voltage and current waveforms. 2. Spectrum Analyzers: These instruments display the power distribution of a signal as a function of frequency. A certain range of frequencies is scanned, and all the components, harmonics, and interharmonics of the analyzed…

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Nt1310 Unit 1 Exercise 1

correctly. It is difficult to identify problems in heart, just by monitoring the heart rhythm for an hour or two when the patient is in the clinic. In order to achieve this, holter monitors are used to record the ECG data for long duration, i.e. 24 hours. 1. The first approach is iterative, i.e. the threshold for the next peak detection was calculated as a percentage of the previously detected peak. 2. The second approach involved the calculation of threshold based on the mean of a number of peaks detected…

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Nt1310 Unit 1 Exercise 1

Answer 1 - Prior to recording the video data, to calculate the scaling factor researchers need to place two markers at least one meter apart. Then they know the real length of the points and the projected length and can calculate the conversion factor. The image obtained after recording is small then real life person, so to convert it to real life scale we need scaling factor. Answer 2 – We know Frequency = 1/T so T = 1/Frequency Given Frequency is 30Hz Using the formula, T = 1/30Hz…

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Nt1310 Unit 1 Exercise 1

Exercise 1: Things my father taught me How to change the oil on my car, though I still generally wait until im going to be home for a couple days before I change it, just so I can take advantage of having an extra pair of hands and a jack since I can't get under my car easily. How to flyfish. So basically how to properly cast, read the river so you know where the fish will most likely be, tie a fly, row the guide boat and many other little details. We spent many an hour out on lakes and rivers when…

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Nt1310 Unit 1 Exercise 1

Wireless: Mobile nodes are connected wirelessly and hence no need of fixed infrastructure. Network can be set up within in less time and nodes share common media. Ad-hoc-based: A mobile ad hoc network is created only for the particular purpose i.e. application specific. A temporary network formed with available mobile nodes, which are dynamic (arbitrary nodes). Autonomous and infrastructure less: MANET does not depend on any established infrastructure or centralized administration. Each node operates…

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Nt1310 Unit 1 Exercise 1

Following all the considerations described in the previous section, a prototype of the Low-IF receiver was implemented in IBM $0.13\mu m$ CMOS technology and encapsulated in a quad flat no leads (QFN) package for connecting the dc pads, inputs, and, output. The prototype area is $42.6\mu m$ $x$ $31\mu m$. The die photo is shown in Fig. \ref{die}. The QFN package of the prototype was mounted to an evaluation test board, see Fig. \ref{PCB}. One SMA connector was used to supply the RF and LO signals…

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Nt1310 Unit 5 Exercise 1

Problem 1. First, check if your power is on in the house. Second, check if your wires are plugged in and are in the right spots. Lastly, go on google and try to see if anyone has your problem. Problem 2. First, check if your power is on. Second, check if your Wi-Fi box is working and is plugged in the right place. Third, check if your device Wi-Fi is turned on or off (In setting). Problem 3. First, check if your phone has power by charging the phone and waiting. Second, check if your phone loading…

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Nt1310 Unit 2 Exercise 1

2.2. Heteronormativity Heteronormativity is the act of assuming everyone is heterosexual giving no option to have a different sexual orientation. By making heterosexuality the norm everything else is seen as unnormal. This effects especially young LGB people but ultimately every person in the community. When they are young and unsure about their sexuality it can be harming to only learn about heterosexual relationships as they are more likely to see themselves as different and hide their sexuality…

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Nt1310 Unit 7 Exercise 1

Question 1 i. Spread spectrum includes resistance to natural interference, such as noise, jamming, and it also limits power flux density. For wireless communication the spread spectrum technology results in a much greater bandwidth than the signal would have if its signals were not varied. ii. Spreading uses noise like signals called wideband that are hard to detect or intercept. Spreading is achieved by using two Methods: Direct Sequence Spread Spectrum (DSSS) which refers to a technique whereby…

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