Obstetric Ultrasonography

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Obstetric ultrasonography is primarily a non-invasive prenatal diagnostic tool for visualizing the embryo or foetus in its mother’s womb. While performing ultrasound scans, the obstetric sonographer assesses the location of the placenta, checks for multiple pregnancies, monitors foetal development, detects abnormalities and monitors the health of the mother. As a standard part of prenatal care, ultrasound scans can be done at any stage of pregnancy. However, the two main scan point used in obstetric ultrasound to monitor the development of the embryo / foetus, examine embryological features and identify pathologies are between 11 and 14 weeks and between 18 and 20 weeks. During obstetric ultrasound foetal morphology, skeletal features, amniotic …show more content…
This ultrasound scan is done to determine pregnancies that have higher risks of chromosomal abnormalities like Trisomy 21 (Down syndrome), 13 and 18. Nuchal translucency scan is done by measuring the thickness of a fluid layer deep to the skin at the back of the baby’s neck. Research has shown that increased thickness of the nuchal translucency is associated with an increased risk of Down syndrome and other chromosomal abnormalities. During the nuchal translucency scan, it is also possible to confirm pregnancy due date, diagnose multiple pregnancies, diagnose early pregnancy failure and check the normality of foetal …show more content…
The abdominal wall: This is checked to ensure that the internal organs are encased within the abdomen. The abdominal circumference is also measured to estimate the size of the foetus.
4. The heart, chest and diaphragm: This is examined to see if the four chambers are of appropriate sizes and connected by valves which open and close with each heart beat. The main vessels connecting the heart are examined. Most foetuses have a heart rate between 120 -180 beats per minute.
5. The stomach: This is examined to ensure that it is properly located below the heart and filled with some amniotic fluid.
6. The kidneys and bladders: These are checked to ensure they are formed and functioning properly
7. The arms, legs, hands and feet: These are checked to ensure they are properly formed. The femur and humerus are measured to check they are growing appropriately.
8. The placenta’s: The position of the placenta in the uterus is recorded. If the lowest edge of the placenta is close to the cervix or lies over the cervix, it is termed low-lying or placenta praevia. The distance between the placenta and pelvis is measured and a repeat scan is recommended to ensure the placenta has moved away from the
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