Opium, Morphine, Codeine And Morphine

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Opiates

Opiate is the term used for any drug derived from the opium poppy, they all share the same generalised structure shown in figure 1. The most commonly known opiates are opium, morphine, codeine and morphine. All of these are potent narcotic analgesics which means they cause a drowsy sensation and relieve pain, and are used for recreational and medicinal purposes.
The Opium poppy can be traced back to 3400 B.C when they were first cultivated in Mesopotamia, and eventually became recognized for its power as a narcotic by greek philosopher Hippocrates. Over time the poppy was spread throughout the world, and even became the cause of war between China and England.
In 1806, Morphine was extracted from opium by german chemist Friedrich Wilhelm Adam Sertüner, a huge step for modern medicine in understanding surrounding isolation leading to the discovery of many other pure drugs. Morphine was named after the Greek god Morpheus, the God of Dreams, and became very popular during the American Civil War causing many soldier to become addicted to it. Because of it’s high addiction liability, there has been many attempts to chemically alter the structure of morphine in effort to develop a drug with the same benefits, but a significantly lower dependence risk; leading to the creation of Heroin and many other derivatives from a process known as acetylation. Acetylation is the process where an acetyl functional group is introduced into a chemical compound, while the opposite reaction , deacetylation is the removal of the acetyl group. …show more content…
Heroin can be administered orally, by injection, inhaling, as a suppository, or insufflation and is linked to a rise in HIV/AIDS

Opioids Research Paper

The History of Opioids The use of opioids dates back to ancient times, when the first civilizations were able to get the poppy seed from the opium plant. The usefulness of this plant as an analgesic and treatment of diseases changed outcomes as it spread within many different cultures. In fact, opium was used in applications of it as a sedative and even before surgeries in the 200s. Opioids slightly disappeared from Europe during the East and West struggle in the 1300-1400s, as it was considered…

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Morphine Research Paper

Katherine Romero Adrian Valadez Aguirre History Period: 5 6/2/15 Morphine Morphine is one of the most powerful, if not the most powerful painkiller used in the world. It's been used since the civil war and is still in use today. How can a painkiller still stand the test of time? Well that’s what we want to show you. Morphine is an opium based drug meaning it is made from opium poppy plants. The use of opium poppy plants has been known for centuries and was known for its health purposes but…

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Heroin Research Paper

psychological tolerance leading to dependence. The treatment of heroin overdose and addiction are available to help stop abuse. Heroin is also known as Diamorphine a substance that is made synthetically, but is based on morphine, a natural compound from a flower, papaver somniferum that produces opium from the poppy pods. Heroin also illegal may come in purity or impurity form. Purity is a white powder with a bitter taste. Impurity is white or brownish…

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Essay about chemical dependency

pain and suffering ( Hart and Ksir 297). Opium was also used as a remedy for crying children dating back to 1500 BC. An Arabic physician composed a pharmacology book which described opium contained what is believed to be the first written description of opioid dependence (Hart and Ksir 298). According to the National Institute of Drug Abuse, opioids are among the drugs commonly used recreationally. Opiates are opium extracts and they, along with opium derivatives and a number of synthetic opiate-like…

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Nonmedical Prescription Case Study Essay

other ischaemic attacks (Dodds 2013 p.348). Also, they are expected to have weak muscles because of their decreasing strength, poor nutritional status, vision and hearing (Doods 2013 p.348). Dodds (2013 p.348) also mentioned that when there is higher Codeine content in Co-codamol, older people are vulnerable to Opoid side-effects, specifically constipation, nausea and…

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Illegal Drugs Essay

marijuana,cocaine and crack cocaine. Most people think these are the most harmful ones when they’re only in the top 10 of the most abused illegal drugs. The top 5 most abused drugs are the following: PCP ( Phencyclidine), Psilocybin mushrooms, Cannabis, Opium and Ecstasy. PCP is also known as “angel dust”this drug comes in both powder and liquid forms. It can be sprayed onto marijuana, oregano or ginger leaves. PCP has powerful effects on the nervous system change feelings, this drug is known to change…

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Georgia Drug Policy Essay

(heroine, peyote, LSD, GHB, ecstasy, and mushrooms) or schedule 2 drugs, (raw opium, morphine, oxycodone, cocaine, and meth) is charged with a felony on their first offense and will serve two to fifteen years in prison. The second offense will get them another felony and five to thirty years in prison. Any one using schedule 3, 4, or 5 drugs, (steroids, ketamine, clonazepam, diazepam, codeine, opium, ethyl, and morphine) on the first offense will be charged with a felony and serve one to five years…

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Drugs acting on the central nervous sys Essay

benzodiazepines (e.g. mogadon, valium, librium), barbiturates, and marijuana all activate GABA receptors, causing more inhibition of RAS and so are tranquillisers, sedatives and depressants. The narcotics or opioid group of drugs, which include morphine, codeine, opium, methadone and diamorphine (heroin), all block opiate receptors, blocking transmission of pain signals in the brain and spinal chord. The brain’s natural endorphins appear to have a similar action. The brain neurotransmitter dopamine has…

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ASD 275 Video Analysis

In my first lesson of my ASD 275 class, I had been asked to write a summary about eight videos I viewed in my first lesson. These eight videos include sedatives, narcotics, stimulants, psychedelics and hallucinogens, inhalants, THC, PCP, and ketamine, and steroids. After viewing each video I have been asked to write a summary and include how the information I obtained will help me when working with clients. The first video I viewed was “Sedatives.” Sedatives affect the central nervous system and…

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Prescription Drug Abuse

Schedule 2 drugs do have medical uses, but can still be easily abused. This category includes opium, morphine, fentanyl, and methadone. Once prescribed, these drugs can be refilled without going to the doctor and getting a new prescription. Drugs in Schedules 3, 4, and 5 have better medical uses and are less addictive. Some drugs in this schedule are codeine and ketamine. Presidents have been paying attention to the drug policy since the 1970s. With Richard Nixon declaring…

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