PCL Injuries Tyson And Jedson

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PCL Injuries Tyson and Jedson
What is a PCL?
· One of the 4 major ligaments in the knee (posterior cruciate ligament)
· The PCL stops the femur from moving too far over the Tibia
· The basic stabilizer of the knee, it is twice as strong as the ACL
· Anterolateral Bundle (65%), Posteromedial Bundle (35%), Meniscofemoral Ligamets are the three components that make up the PCL

Anatomy
Bones

· 4 main bones: tibia, fibula, femur, patella
· Main movement occur with the femur, patella, and tibia
· The “interconylar Groove” is where the patella lies
· The Fibula runs down the outer side of the tibia to the ankle

Knee Joint Capsule

· A thick ligamentous stricter surrounding the knee
· Includes the synovia membrane which nourishes surrounding structures
· The infrapatellar fat pad and bursa act cushions surrounding the knee

Ligaments

· MCL – runs between inner surfaces of femur and tibia, resisting forces acting from the outer surface of the knee (valgus forces)
· LCL – travels from outer surface of femur to the head of fibula, resisting forces from inner surface of the knee (varus forces)
· ACL – travels from anterior of tibia, and to posterior of femur and prevents the tibia from moving forward. Cruciate ligaments are named accordingly because they form a cross in the middle of the knee joint

Muscles surrounding knee joint

· The two muscle groups that help move and stabilize the joint are the quadriceps and hamstrings
· Quadriceps – made from four different individual muscles that come together to make the quadriceps tendon (rectus femoris, vastus lateralis, vastus medialis, vastus intermedius)
· Hamstrings – role is to flex the knee joint as well as providing stability to either side of the joint line

Injury of the PCL

· Accounts for 3-23% of all knee injuries, also accounts for 40% of ligamentous injuries in a trauma
· When force causes rupture, there usually is a tear in the midsection of the PCL
· High and low velocity injuries can rupture the ligament and both can cause either no interference or major functional disability
· “Dashboard Injuries” are when posteriorly directed force is applied to the proximal tibia or flexed knee, common in motor vehicle collisions
· Another mechanism of injury is when a posterior force is placed on a hyperextended knee

High energy trauma

· The vast majority of PCL injuries
· 96.5% of cases showed that road traffic injuries were the most common injuries, and “dashboard injuries” were the most common mechanisms of injury

Low energy trauma

· Occurs when knee is hyperextended and knee is plantar flexed
· Mainly a sport-related injury
· combined injuries may also occur where the cruciate ligament is injured first and as rotational force continues, the PCL is injured

Causes of PCL injury

· a direct blow to the front of the knee while it is bent or the foot in planted
· a fall to the ground, landing
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