James Madison, born March 16, 1751, was an American statesman and Founding Father who served as the fourth President of the United States from 1809 to 1817. Having written Federalist No. 10, the tenth essay of the Federalist Papers series, Madison addresses the question of how to “harmonize” the citizens in a way where the effects of factions can be diluted as much as possible. According to Madison, a faction is defined as "a number of citizens, whether amounting to a minority or majority of the whole, who are united and actuated by some common impulse of passion, or of interest, adverse to the rights of other citizens, or to the permanent and aggregate interests of the community". With the being said, through Madison’s evaluation of human nature, and how flawed yet inevitable it is for the majority to undermine the minority due to how flawly people behave, Madison leans towards a republic in order to ensure a sense of equality amongst the people and how they are represented, especially in pursuit of the minority. Moreover, Karl Marx, born May 5,