Questions On Psychology

Submitted By shaypark
Words: 1438
Pages: 6
Open Document
Psychology 101
Lecture Set 1

Chapter 1: SUBJECT, HISTORY, and PERSPECTIVES
Define: the scientific study of behaviour and its causes
Scientific: highly specific method for doing research
Behaviour:
Overt (see or measured)
Covert (behaviour that can’t be measured ex. Thinking)
Convert can be inferred by overt
Causes: multiply and interactively (shape each other) determined
Since there are many different pieces, the approximate rate diverse

Psychology as Science
: Basic (curious; no advanced major science), Applied (done to solve a particular, practical problem)

Goals of Psychology (science)
1. Describe/define a behaviour
-to make everyone on the same topic; definition includes phenomenal interest, out phenomenal interest
2. Predict a behaviour
3. Influence/control a behaviour
*Prediction and control are the base of psychology
4. Understand (the causes of) behaviour
*without prediction and control, there is no understanding behaviour

PERSPECTIVES IN PSYCHOLOGY
-start with assumption(s), and others will follow
1. Look at multiple perspectives
-the parable of the blind men and the elephant
-use of language (mind/brain)
Different:
-View of Human Nature
-The determinants of Behaviour
-Assumptions
-Focus
-Methods
-Data
-kinds of conclusions
What consuetudes good evidence?

Perspectives
1. Biological
Views of Human Nature
Passive, mechanistic
Determinants of Behaviour
Structure of Physical System (brain)
Biochemistry of Brain/Nervous System
Focus of Study
Brian (macro and micro)
Heredity (유전)
Environment
Evolution (now own area)
Macro
Input-output areas
Large cognitive areas
Micro
Individual neurons
Neurotransmitters
Example: Serotonin and Depression
Communication within and between cells
Molecules within cells
Others

Environment
Large groups tend to have larger connection and branches within the brain cell

2. Psychodynamic
View
instinct and unconscious driven
Determinants of Behaviour
Heredity- the instincts, early experiences
Focus of Study:
Unconscious Drives: Sex and Aggression
→ must be controlled to meet societal demands
Early Childhood: conflicts, losses
Behaviour function of personality, personality determined by unconscious forces

3. Behaviourist (Learning Theory)
View: mechanistic
Behaviour reactive to stimuli in environment
Modifiable by learning and stimulus control
Determinants of Behaviour
Environment, Stimulus Conditions & Consequences
Focus of Study
Observable environmental stimuli and observable behaviour
Example: Law of effect –behaviour determined by consequences (desirable then increase, undesirable then decrease)
4. Cognitive (인지)
View
humans help “create” world and react to stimuli (internal and external)
Determinants of Behaviour how we process, evaluate, decide to respond (mental processes), to information
Focus of Study mental processes, language
Research
Infer (추론) mental processes through behaviour

5. Humanistic
View
Active, unlimited potential, self-determining (free will)
Determinants of Behaviour
Potentially self-directed
Focus of Study
Human experience, values
Human potentials
Research Approach
Life patterns, values, goals
-Drive to Self-Actualization (to be the best you can be)
-Selves and Relationship of selves
-Real
-Perceived (감지) → self-concept (congruence 일치)
-Ideal
-If out of sync, then can lead to psychological problems

6. Evolutionary
View
Adapted to solving problems during our evolutionary stages (Pleistocene era)

Determinants of Behaviour
Adaptations (behavioural modules) and environmental cues for activation
Focus of Study
Evolved Psychological Adaptations
Research Approach
Infer reasons for our current behaviour under current conditions
→ sexual and mate selection behaviour of males and females
7. Sociocultural
View
Humans as social animals
Determinants of Behaviour
Cultural upbringing
Focus of Study
Cultural Differences in behaviour
Research Approach
Cross cultural studies
8. Critical Perspectives
Forms
Feminism; racialism; disability theory; queer theory
Most Historical
Show More

Related Documents: Questions On Psychology

Week 1 PSY435r5IOPsych Essay

Industrial/Organizational Psychology Worksheet The purpose of this assignment is to examine the fundamental concepts of the field of industrial/organizational psychology. Using the textbook, the University Library, the Internet, and/or other resources, answer the following questions. Your responses to each question will vary but overall should be 700- to 1,050-words in length. Describe the evolution of the field of industrial/organizational psychology. Industrial/Organizational psychology is an invention…

Words 1669 - Pages 7

Industrial worksheet Essay example

1. Describe the evolution of the field of industrial/organizational psychology. According to Spector (2012) “I/O psychology is an eclectic field that has borrowed concepts, ideas, techniques, and theories from many other disciplines.” (p. 5). Industrial and organizational psychology, or something similar can be traced back to the studies of European scientist Herman von Helmholtz (1821-1894). He expanded on the concept of conservation of human energy to determine if the energy levels in the present…

Words 1166 - Pages 5

Essay on Psychology and Psychological Processes

AP Psychology 5th July 21, 2012 1. Empiricism – the theory that all knowledge originates from experiment and observations 2. Structuralism – method of interpretation and analysis of aspects of human cognition, behavior, culture, and experience that focuses on relationships 3. Functionalism – belief in or stress on the practical application of a specific thing 4. Experimental psychology – psychology concerned with the scientific investigation of basic psychological processes such…

Words 520 - Pages 3

Psychology: Psychology and Human Behavior Essay example

@01260245 Psychology is the study of mind and behavior. It was established as a science separated from biology and philosophy but in the middle of the 19th century, that’s when a debate started over how to describe and explain mind and human behavior. There were three men who really took forth in taking scientific research and applying them to the study of human behavior. Hermann von Helmoltz and his assistant, Wilhelm Wundt were German physiologists who merged physiology’s methods into psychology…

Words 516 - Pages 3

Essay on Chapter 1 Notes

Psychology Chapter 1 Defining Psychology And Exploring Its Roots Psychology: scientific study if behavior and mental processes Science: the use of systematic methods to observe the natural world, including human behavior, and to draw conclusions Behavior: everything we do that can do be directly observed Mental processes: the thoughts, feelings and motives that each of us experiences privately but that cannot be observed directly Four Attitudes Of Psychologist Scientific Approach: critical…

Words 935 - Pages 4

Counseling Psychology

The two-research paper I choose to do my study on they both is dealing with the person mental state and they both are phenomenological studies because their approach has concentrates on the study of consciousness and the objects of direct experience. This week study Journal of Counseling Psychology has help me pick these two articles because I was interested in how a person mental state effect that person. In Journal of Counseling Psychology ties this two article up by, “inquiry aimed at describing…

Words 532 - Pages 3

Non-Traditional Psychologists Trailblazing the Course of Developmental Psychology Essay

Non-Traditional Psychologists Trailblazing The Course of Developmental Psychology Not every psychologist fits the mold of traditional academia, teaching and conducting research for the sake of scientific knowledge alone. There have been several who have broken away from this stereotypical role and forged new ground, not only in the name of science, but also for the sake of human kind. Two such psychologists were Dr. Edward Zigler (2003), a Yale professor, and Dr. Howard Gardner (2003), a Harvard…

Words 916 - Pages 4

Essay on The Strengths and Weaknesses of the Scientist Practioner Approach

the realm of American psychology. A conference held in Boulder, Colorado in 1949 concluded that clinical psychologists should be incorporating both a scientific and practical approach within their framework and training model. In his applied scientific theory, Shappiro (1985) viewed research and practice as being integrated, not dichotomised. He outlined the three features of what he believed to make up the scientist-practitioner role: 1. All findings of general psychology should be applied to the…

Words 1255 - Pages 6

Questions On Psychology

172 / Psychology Psychology John F. Axelson, Ph.D., Professor Daniel B. Bitran, Ph.D., Professor Danuta Bukatko, Ph.D., Professor Mark Freeman, Ph.D., Distinguished Professor of Ethics and Society and Chair Andrew M. Futterman, Ph.D., Professor Charles M. Locurto, Ph.D., Professor Richard C. Schmidt, Ph.D., Professor Amy R. Wolfson, Ph.D., Professor and Associate Dean of the Faculty Gregory J. DiGirolamo, Ph.D., Associate Professor Mark C. Hallahan, Ph.D., Associate Professor Jumi Hayaki…

Words 534 - Pages 3

Module 1 notes Essay

Psychology principles permeate advertising, marketing, television, movies, sales, self-help books, fashion, politics, and folk wisdom, to just name a few. One good example is the concept of "psychological stress", which is now so prevalent in our culture, yet was rarely mentioned fifty years ago. Also, terms like defense mechanisms and Freudian slips have become a part of our regular vocabulary rather than strictly psychological terms. Appropriate study techniques (PQ4R) include: Preview the material…

Words 2460 - Pages 10