Regents Review Essay

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LESSON 1
Influences on the U.S. Government
-Magna Carta- English charter that listed political/civil right granted by King John
-House of Burgesses- First elected body in North America
-Town meetings- Gatherings in which citizens voted on colonial legislature

Declaration of Independence
-Consent of the governed
-Right to overthrow oppressive government (Locke)
-Natural rights - life, liberty and the pursuit of happiness

John Locke
Influence on the U.S. Government:
-Social Contract – agreement between government and governed Right to overthrow oppressive government
-Consent of the governed

Mayflower Compact
Influence on the U.S. Government
-Agreement governing new settlers arriving in Plymouth colony- basis of colony’s government

Thomas Paine
Influence on the U.S. Government:
-English writer that contributed to American Revolution
-“Common Sense” persuaded colonists to support independence

Effect of geography
-Harbors, forests, rocky soil influenced New England colonies – couldn’t farm; trade and commercial fishing was big source of revenue
-Climate in the south led to the plantation system (large farms that grow tobacco, rice, sugar, cotton)

Relationship with Britain
-Mercantilism- Economic system in which nations export more than they import- colonies exist to benefit the mother country
-England would import resources from colonies, and export finish products to colonies

Proclamation of 1763
-English proclamation which prohibited colonists from settling territories west of the Appalachians (intended to foster peace with Native Americans)

LESSON 2
Great Compromise
Issue: Representation in congress
Compromise: Two house (bicameral) legislature • Senate – equal representation • House of Representatives-based on population

Three Fifths Compromise
Issue: Representation in congress
Compromise: Two house (bicameral) legislature • Senate – equal representation • House of Representatives-based on population

Habeas Corpus/ President Lincoln
Prisoners can be detained only once the court determines if the person is being lawfully held. May be revoked to protect public safety
*ASSOCIATE WITH ALIEN AND SEDITION, INTERNMENT CAMPS AS AN EXAMPLE OF GOVERNMENT RESTRICTING CITIZENS RIGHTS IN TIMES OF CRISIS

Alien and Sedition Acts (1798)
Took civil liberties away from resident aliens and limited freedom of speech
*ASSOCIATE WITH LINCOLN SUSPENDING HABEAS CORPUS, USA PATRIOT ACT AS AN EXAMPLE OF GOVERNMENT RESTRICTING CITIZENS RIGHTS IN TIMES OF CRISIS

Electoral College System
Popular vote: Vote made for US presidential candidate by registered voters
Electoral vote: Indirect election in which appointed electors vote for US presidential candidate
Census: A method of gathering and recording information about the population; used to determine electoral representation
*A CANDIDATE CAN WIN THE ELECTION WITHOUT A MAJORITY OF THE POPULAR VOTE

Representation
Census: A method of gathering and recording information about the population; used to determine electoral representation
New Jersey Plan vs. Virginia Plan

Judicial Review
The power of
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