or more individuals (Olweus, 1995). These negative actions can manifest in either direct or indirect ways (Wang et al., 2009). Direct forms include overt aggression (e.g., physical attacks) and verbal aggression (e.g., name-calling). Indirect forms, such as relational aggression, involve attempts to harm a relationship with another peer by means of covert or manipulative behaviors (e.g., social exclusion,…
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Playground Gets even Tougher” and Book “Odd Girl Out” “Mean-girl behavior,” New York Times writer Pamela Paul notes, “typically referred to by professionals as relational or social aggression and by terrified parents as bullying, has existed for as long as there have been ponytails to pull and notes to pass (today’s insults are texted instead)” (Paul, 2010). Rachel Simmons, bestselling author of Odd girl out: The hidden culture of aggression in girls adds “in my travels over the last ten years,…
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People often develop stereotypes of gender roles in aggression. Aggression can be defined in numerous ways. There are also various types of aggression, such as physical and psychological aggression. Psychologists define aggression as a behavior intended to inflict harm or injury upon someone or something (Kassin, 2011, p. 438). Many people often attribute greater aggressiveness to men than to women. People commonly perceive greater aggression when the target is a woman than a man. The gender of…
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Berk Chapter 8 Emotional and Social Development in Early Childhood Morgan Crabb SECTION 1chp5-8 ERIKSONS THEORY AND SELF-UNDERSTANDING 1. What is the focus of Eriksons initiative vs. guilt stage It is described as a period of unfolding once children has a sense of autonomy, they become less contrary than they were as toddlers. Their energies are freed for tackling the psychological conflict of the preschool years initiative versus guilt. As the word imitative suggests young children have a new…
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------------------------------------------------- Bullying From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia For the Wikipedia guidance essay, see Wikipedia:WikiBullying Bullying is detrimental to students’ well-being and development.[1] Bullying is the use of force or coercion to abuse or intimidate others. The behavior can be habitual and involve an imbalance of social or physical power. It can include verbal harassment or threat, physical assault or coercion and may be directed repeatedly towards…
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administer the shock Deception Hypothesis is NOT effects of punishment on learning- it’s the effects of authority on obedience Shocks are fake Use of confederate and rigged hat draw Pro social Behavior and aggression Pro social – behavior intended to help others Antisocial- includes aggression. We are a combination of both *Bystander Nonintervention - Kitty Genovese- stabbed in NYC for 35 minutes No one comes to aid. - Bystander effect Psychological paralysis – want to help, but don’t…
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“intensity trigger” as a principle by which the “psychological immune system” is activated. It is based upon the notion that “it is sometimes more difficult to achieve a positive view of a bad experience than of a very bad experience” (Gilbert, 136). This means that the boys suffering such severe victimization and trauma had their “psychological immune systems” activated in order to adapt to their newfound socially oppressed position, to mentally escape from the position of victim and see positivity in their…
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Cyber Bullying a Growing problem. I am writing this essay as I have been extremely moved by the recent suicide of a teenage girl in Ireland. Erin Gallagher a 13 year old girl from Donegal took her own life because of vicious online bullying. Her recent suicide adds to the growing number of teenage suicides not just in Ireland but worldwide that have been caused by bullying and cyber bullying or a combination of both. The issue of cyber bullying is something that needs to be addressed immediately…
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Intelligence: -Theories Spearman: General intelligence (g factor), specific intelligence (s factor). G factor is made out of eductive and reproductive ability. Thurstone: Primary mental factors which are the unifying factor of certain mental operations (verbal comprehension, perceptual speed, reasoning, number, rote memory, word fluency, and spatial skills) Guilford: Operations (Evaluation, convergent production, memory retention, memory recording, cognition) are general intellectual processes.…
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COMM Final Exam 1. What is culture? What are some characteristics of culture? What is the difference between mainstream and co-cultures? Culture Definition: Way of life developed and shared by a group of people and passed down from generation to generation Created through interactions; evolves, not static; not part of biology (can’t tell culture by looking at someone? Characteristics of Culture: is an adaptive Mechanism; is learned; cultures change; people usually are…
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