The belief that “civilized” people were superior to others and that “civilized” was synonymous for whiteness was at the heart of national policy. The desire to take lands west of Georgia and into the southwest became the justification to kill or displace thousands of Native Americans. (Greenberg 12) Similarly, slavery in the South continued to thrive unchecked as white Americans placed their own economic interests above those of slaves and Native Americans. However, the national debate over slavery began to slow the race west. President Andrew Jackson resisted adding Texas as a state due to concerns about sectional tensions over a new slave state (Brinkley 291). Likewise, many saw the Missouri Compromise as a breakpoint that furthered the radicalization of southern politics (Ambrose 903). The acceptance of nonwhites as inferior led to the mistreatment and often death of thousands of African Americans and Native