Under the rule of the English, the Catholics couldn’t own land, get an education, be in the military, vote, publish books, or worship freely. The catholics were forced to live in poverty, due to the penal laws made to make the Irish Catholics second-class citizens in their own country. So most of them ended up emigrating to other countries, such as America. Many people died on the journey, the living conditions were awful for both those pushed and pulled. As history.com said “[they were] herded like livestock in dark, cramped quarters, the Irish passengers lacked sufficient food and clean water. They choked on fetid air. They were showered with excrement and vomit. Each adult was apportioned just 18 inches of bed space—children half that. Disease and death clung to the rancid vessels like barnacles, and nearly a quarter of the 85,000 passengers who sailed to North America aboard the aptly nicknamed “coffin ships” in 1847 never reached their