The South notes Essay

north + south notes - north Climate
Warm, humid summers and cold snowy winters (The north)
Warm and sunny with long summers, mild winters. Lots of rain. (The south)
Population
Huge population increase in the North between 1800 and 1860, mostly through immigration. Irish, German, and other Europeans mostly settle in north.
Cities
• Cities develop in North as centers of trade.
• Factories were set up making textiles (cloth goods)
• Increase in factory work brought more people to live in the cities.
• Cities were crowded and dirty.
• Public education begun in cities for first time.
• Cities became important centers of art, culture, and education. Many city newspapers begun Economy The economy of the North was based on manufacturing.
• Many immigrants from Europe began working in factories and producing goods used by people in the North.
• Many factories began producing textiles (cloth) with the cotton grown in the South.

Culture
• The culture of the North was determined by life in the cities.
• Both religion and education were organized.
• There were schools and churches in most towns.
• Very few boys, and almost no girls went on to secondary school.
• College was reserved for the wealthy.

Transportation
• Canals were mostly in the North.
• The Erie Canal was a huge success.
• Most of the railroads were in the North.
• 30,000 miles of track was laid by 1850.
• Canals and railroads allowed northern businesses to grow.

The south

Climate and Geography
• Warm and sunny with long summers, mild winters. Lots of rain.
• Climate ideal for agriculture.
• Fertile soil ideal for growing crops. Population
• Population of the South made up of Europeans (mostly from England and Scotland) and enslaved Africans.
• 1/3 of the population were slaves.
• Most southerners lived on small farms.
• Only 1/4 of farmers owned slaves.
• Large farms called plantations were owned by the wealthy few who owned most of the slaves. .
Cities
• Most southerners lived on farms.
• There were very few large cities.
• Plantations were self-sufficient and became like small towns.

Economy
• The economy of the South was based on agriculture.
• Cotton, tobacco, rice, sugar cane, and indigo (a plant that was used for blue dye) were sold as cash crops.
• Cotton became the most important crop after Ely Whitney’s invention of the cotton gin.
• More slaves were now needed to pick the cotton.
• Slavery became essential to the South’s economy.

Culture
• The culture of the South was determined by the upper class plantation owners and their families.
• Only children of plantation owners received any education.
• Small farmers had little or no education.
• The culture of the South revolved around plantation life

Transportation
• The South was still dependent on the steamship.
• Railroads existed, but far less than in the North.

⅗ Compromise http://www.wisegeek.org/what-is-the-three-fifths-compromise.htm/
- the north and the south had an agreement this agreement was called the ⅗ compromise - the agreement happened while the Constitutional Convention, in 1787, was happening
- three-fifths of slaves were counted for the purpose of taxation in Congress
- by saying the slaves were part of the population instead of being property the south get more power - the north and south were fighting before they came up with the compromise - the compromise was invented by James Wilson and Roger Sherman
- most slaves were in the south - the south had more political power by having plantations
Missouri Compromise of 1820 http://www.history.com/topics/missouri-compromise - in years Missouri Compromise of 1820 began to rise between anti-slavery and pro-slavery factions. - congress wanted to keep peace so they made Missouri

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