Essay on Time and Job

Submitted By Ikponmwosa-Igbinedio
Words: 9249
Pages: 37
Open Document
OPERATIONS SCHEDULING

J

SUPPLEMENT J

OPERATIONS SCHEDULING

LEARNING GOALS
After reading this supplement, you should be able to:
1. Define new performance measures (beyond flow time and past due) for evaluating a schedule. 2. Describe the decision rules (beyond FCFS and EDD) to sequence jobs.
3. Determine schedules for single and multiple workstations.

T

his supplement focuses on operations scheduling, which involves assigning jobs to workstations or employees to jobs for specified time periods. Effective scheduling helps managers achieve the full potential of their supply chains. Chapter 14, “Operations Planning and
Scheduling,” covers the basics of scheduling—Gantt charts, workforce scheduling, two rules (FCFS and
EDD) for sequencing work at a single workstation, and two commonly used performance measures
(flow time and past due). Here we deepen your understanding with additional performance measures and priority sequencing rules, a discussion of scheduling multiple workstations, and a discussion of scheduling a two-station flow shop.

myomlab and the Companion Website at www.pearsonhighered.com contain many tools, activities, and resources designed for this supplement.

J-1

J-2

SUPPLEMENT J

OPERATIONS SCHEDULING

operations scheduling
A type of scheduling in which jobs are assigned to workstations or employees are assigned to jobs for specified time periods. Scheduling Service and Manufacturing
Processes
The scheduling techniques we discuss in this supplement cut across the various process types found in services and manufacturing. Many service firms are characterized by a front-office process with high customer contact, divergent work flows, customization, and, consequently, a complex scheduling environment. Often customer demands are difficult to predict, which puts a high premium on scheduling employees to handle the varied needs of customers. At the other extreme in the service industry, a back-office process has low customer involvement, uses more line work flows, and provides standardized services. Inanimate objects are processed; these processes take on the appearance of manufacturing processes.
Manufacturing processes also benefit from operations scheduling techniques. Our discussion of the operations scheduling techniques in this supplement has application for job, batch, and line processes in services as well as in manufacturing. Schedules for continuous processes can be developed with linear programming (see Supplement E,
“Linear Programming”). Although the scheduling techniques in this chapter provide some structure to the selection of good schedules, many alternatives typically need to be evaluated. We begin by looking at the performance measures managers use to select good schedules.

Performance Measures
We already covered two important performance measures in Chapter 14, “Operations
Planning and Scheduling.” Flow time is the time a job spends in the service or manufacturing system, and past due (tardiness) is the amount of time by which a job missed its due date. In this regard, a job is the object receiving service or being manufactured. For example, a job may be a customer waiting for service at a state licensing bureau or it may be a batch of pistons waiting for a manufacturing process. These two performance measures can be insufficient, depending on the competitive priorities of a process. Additional performance measures follow: makespan The total amount of time required to complete a group of jobs.

total inventory
The sum of scheduled receipts and onhand inventories.

½ Makespan. The total amount of time required to complete a group of jobs is called makespan. Minimizing makespan supports the competitive priorities of cost (lower inventory) and time (delivery speed).
Makespan = Time of completion of last job - Starting time of the first job
½ Total Inventory. This performance measure is used to measure the effectivness of schedules for manufacturing processes. The sum of scheduled receipts
Show More

Related Documents: Essay on Time and Job

Part Time Job Essay

STUDENT PART-TIME JOB In some countries, young people have jobs while they are still studying. Part-time job not only helps student have financial independence with their parent; helps them understand the value of money but also helps them improve their skill, which is very important in work environment when they graduate. In my opinion, there are some key skills: Firstly, part-time job helps student improve their teamwork skill. The business’s success depends so much on different teams/departments…

Words 425 - Pages 2

My First Part Time Job

position among people which was my case twelve months ago where I got my first part time job as a sale representative in a local cutlery company. To commemorate this memory, my mother took a picture of me standing behind the company building as I was wearing a black suit for my first time at work. It all started when I received a call from my dad on a Monday afternoon. He apparently had filled out a job application for me on the Internet, so I can start working and receive a decent income…

Words 543 - Pages 3

Part Time Jobs During High School

If I was a business manager I would give students part-time jobs during high school because they need money to buy things or other items. It’s absolutely better than steal something that does not belong to them. My first reason is benefit and my second reason is because studies prove that students with part-time jobs are better in managing times. To begin with my first reason is benefit. It will benefit the student by having money to support themselves or families sometimes and it will stop…

Words 319 - Pages 2

Is A Part Time Job Beneficial To High School Students

Is a Part-time job beneficial to a high-school student? Having a part-time job is not beneficial to a high school student. It isn’t beneficial because, it can take away from the time they have to study, meaning lower grades. They may also find it difficult to complete homework, keep up with extracurricular activities and social relationships. Lastly, it will cause a great deal of stress on the student. From the time a student wakes up in the morning and get home from school, they’ve already…

Words 319 - Pages 2

Scheduling: Book of Job and Work Center Essay

• Scheduling: Establishing the timing of the use of equipment, facilities and human activities in an organization • Answering “when” question for activities JAN FEB MAR APR MAY JUN Build A A Done Build B B Done Build C C Done Build D Ship On time! 2 High-Volume Systems • Flow system: High-volume system with Standardized equipment and activities. – Assembly line balancing – Auto, computer industry • Flow-shop scheduling – Due to Repetition, scheduling is not a big issue • Project scheduling…

Words 810 - Pages 4

Full-time and Data Entry Essay

part time job & for more information kindly log on http://www.onlinedataentry-india.com 1.Internet Jobs - Online Data Typing jobs Available. Work 24x7x365 Non stop. Each Assignment of 4 lines. Make income of your choice. Doors are Open only for limited Seats. internet jobs, home business, home jobs, home based job, work at home, part time home job, online home jobs, naukri available, online job, offline job, student job, job opportunity, work from home, jobs available, contract job, simply…

Words 1130 - Pages 5

Essay Operating Systems Notes

systems that are distinguished from one another by the response time and how the data is entered in the system. These types are interactive, batch, real-time and embedded systems. Below are the fundamental differences between each: Batch Systems Introduced in first generation computers. Relied on stacks of punched cards and magnetic tapes for input. Batch system performance was measured in the throughput which are the number of jobs completed an hour. Interactive Systems Introduced to address…

Words 653 - Pages 3

Unit 25 Unemployment

Unemployment is defined as a situation where someone of working age is not able to get a job but would like to be in full time employment. One grey area is voluntary unemployment. This occurs when the unemployed choose not to take a job at the going wage rate (e.g. wrong job, benefits too high etc.) They could be counted as unemployed because they are still seeking a job (they just don’t want to take one they are offered). (Source: Economics Help, 2010) There are four main types of unemployment…

Words 471 - Pages 2

Essay Scheduling: Scheduling and Rpaci -d Usseau

sometimes called jobs, that are running in the system: 1. 2. 3. 4. Each job runs for the same amount of time. All jobs arrive at the same time. All jobs only use the CPU (i.e., they perform no I/O) The run-time of each job is known. We said all of these assumptions were unrealistic, but just as some animals are more equal than others in Orwell’s Animal Farm [O45], some assumptions are more unrealistic than others in this chapter. In particular, it might bother you that the run-time of each job is known:…

Words 5525 - Pages 23

Essay 2 Final Draft

Involved in Part-Time Jobs In the 21st century, the majority of the teenagers are taking part-time jobs as their requirements to become successful and as an essential asset that students must consider in high school or even in college whether to take it or not. According to Dennis McLellan’s Article from Los Angeles Times, “Part-Time Work Ethic: Should Teens Go For It?” includes arguments from different stakeholders interviewed that whether the students should do part-time jobs or not. The interviews…

Words 1104 - Pages 5