Type 2 Diabetes Case Study

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Clinical Problem and PICO(T) Question.
Type 2 diabetes (T2D), once known as noninsulin-dependent diabetes or adult’s diabetes, is a chronic illness that affects the manner that the body metabolizes glucose, which is the principal source of fuel for the body. (run on sentence) Diabetes mellitus’ history started in ancient Egypt around the year 2,000 B.C., where for the first time its signs and symptoms were described. During those times, the physicians were unable to treat the illness and developing diabetes mellitus was dramatically a death sentence (Diabetes-management-center.com, 2015).
Centuries later the situation did not change too much; from the 17th century until almost the 20th century, sampling the urine of their patients to determine if it had a sweet taste was the only right action of the physicians. The awakening began in the early 1900s. When the doctor Frederick Allen began to prescribe extremely low-calorie diets for his patients with diabetes at Rockefeller Institute, here in the U.S., around the year 1914. Seven years later, in 1921a small group of doctors experimented with a diabetic dog injecting an early form of insulin successfully. Then, based on these results, they administered a refined insulin extract to a young boy with diabetes stabilizing his …show more content…
Even, when the American Diabetes Association (ADA) suggested metformin as the first choice for treating T2D patients, especially those who are overweight; the most common side-effects of metformin use are a metallic taste in the mouth, nausea and vomiting, abdominal discomfort, and diarrhea. Accordingly, clinical trials have revealed that around 5% of the patients discontinue metformin because of these gastrointestinal symptoms, which is mainly worrisome in the frail elderly patients with poor appetite and low daily caloric intake. Also, the researcher exposed that long-term treatment with metformin increases the risk of vitamin B12 deficiency (Kezerle, Shalev & Barski,
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