Essay on United States and Trade w / Latin

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4)Sectionalism and Nationalism

a)The Missouri Compromise

i)Missouri applied for statehood 1819, although slavery already established NY Rep James Tallmadge’s Amendment gradual emancipation- controversial

ii)Since beginning new states had come into Union in pairs (1 from N, 1 from S), Missouri entrance would increase power of North over South

iii)Maine had also applied for statehood, Henry Clay threatened South would block entrance in Missouri not permitted to be a slave state

iv)Compromise in Maine-Missouri Bill, Senator Jesse Thomas’s Amendment to ban slavery in rest of Louisiana Ter. north of MO’s 3630’ border also passed

b)Marshall and the Court

i)John Marshall chief justice from 1801-1835. Strengthened judicial system at expense of executive and legislature, increased fed power over states, advanced interest of propertied and commercial classes

ii)Supported inviolability contracts in Fletcher v. Peck (1810) which held GA legislature could not repeal contract acts of previous legislature. Dartmouth College v. Woodward(1819) affirmed constitutionality of federal review of state court decisions- states had given up some sovereignty by ratifying Constitution, therefore their courts must submit to federal jurisdiction

iii)“Implied powers” of Congress upheld in McCulloch v Maryland (1819) by upholding Bank of United States, attorney Daniel Webster argued establishment legal under “necessary and proper” clause, power to tax involved “power to destroy”. States therefore could not tax now-legal Bank

iv)Strengthened Congress’s power to regulate interstate commerce in Gibbons v Ogden(1824)- Fed govt gave license to Thomas Gibbons for ferry even transport btwn NY and NJ even though NY state had granted Aaron Ogden monopoly- Marshall argued that Congress’s power to regulate interstate commerce + navigation “complete in itself” + could exercise to the utmost

v)Decisions established primacy of fed govt over states in regulating economy, protected corporations + private economic institutions from local govt

c)The Court and the Tribes

i)Marshall court decisions w/ Natives affirmed supremacy of US and carved out position for Native Americans within the constitutional structure

ii)In Johnson v McIntosh (1825) Marshall described the basic right of Natives to tribal lands that
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