water e-notes Essay

Submitted By YuanG
Words: 4416
Pages: 18
Open Document
Chem – Preliminary – Water

Water is a habitat:
-

•

Water bodies have the advantage that they show less temperature fluctuations than do land and air masses.

Define the terms solute, solvent and solution.

A Solute is the substance (solid) that is placed in a solvent (liquid), and dissolved to produce a solution (a combination of a dissolved solute and a solvent).

•

It is a habitat for life forms such as fish, algae and bacteria – the place where they live.

-

Sec 1 – Water is distributed on Earth as a solid, liquid and a gas

Water is a major weathering and eroding agent:
-

Identify the importance of water as a solvent.

Rain and rivers wash loose material to lower altitudes and eventually to the sea.

-

Many drinks that humans use are aqueous solutions, as there are many household products such as bleaches, disinfectants, cleaning agents and some medicines. Industry uses aqueous solutions of acids and alkalies and often makes or extracts products from aqueous solutions.

Glaciers cut a swathe from mountain tops through weaker rocks to the oceans, and

-

Water is the most widely used solvent used by humans and by nature. In all living matter most of the chemical reactions responsible for life occur in water solutions or aqueous solutions as they are called. Water dissolves nutrients from soil and carries them in solution to living cells. Water also carries waste products away from cells.

A freeze-thaw mechanism sees liquid water seep into small cracks in rocks, freeze and expand and so widen the crack until large fragments of rock break away.

Water is a resource for humans to use:
-

Water is a resource for humans. We drink water and it is essential. Most body substances are dissolved in water for diffusion across cells.

•

Compare the state percentage and distribution of water in the biosphere, lithosphere, hydrosphere and atmosphere.

Zone

State of Water
Liquid
Liquid, solids

Percentage of
Earths water
0.0001%
99.4%

Percentage water in that zone
60-90%
99%

Biosphere
Hydrosphere
Lithosphere
Atmosphere

Liquid
Gas, liquid and solid

0.6%
0.001%

10%
0.5-5%

Distribution medium
In living things
Oceans, rivers, icecaps, glaciers Water in rocks
Water vapour, rain, hail, snow

As a working fluid in electricity generating stations and as a coolant in them and in many industries -

For generating electricity directly

-

In industry as a reactant, solvent and cleaning agent and for waste disposal and settling dust

-

Furthermore water expands upon freezing. This is when water gets trapped in rocks during the warmer temperatures but during the colder temperatures the water freezes and thus expands, breaking the rock. This is due to the large amounts of pressure exerted by water on the rock. Water also causes erosion. At beaches water erodes rocks. When frozen, in glacier form it erodes as it moves.

For irrigation of crops, and watering of livestock

-

Water is an important solvents as it is able to dissolve numerous amounts of solutes. We are made of water and due to its good nature as a solvent, our bodily functions are performed. Water controls the temperature of an environments, this is because less temperature variations occur in water than in land.

For drinking, food preparation, washing and recreation

-

As a mode of transport (now less used – planes and trains are more widely used).

Density

For density prac – look in theory book

Density is a relationship between mass and volume.

Note for antifreeze prac – look at prac book

Density is calculated using the formula
Density = mass / volume
D

=

m/V

Units = g/cm^3, where m is in grams
= g/mL, where v is in cm^3/mL
When most liquids freeze, they produce a solid that is more dense than the liquid.
Water on the other hand is most dense at 4C.
Therefore ice floats on water.

• outline the significance of
Show More

Related Documents: water e-notes Essay

Chemistry: Intermolecular Force and Stronger Dipole-dipole Imf Essay

a) If it was a strong acid, the pH would have been 7 at the equivalence point (40 mL) b) HA + OH- --> H2O + A- c) .25 x .04 (1mol HA/1mol NaOH) = .01 mol HA d) mol = g/mw .01 mol = 1.22/ mw mw = 122 g/mol e) Ka = (x^2)/.200 x = .0035 pH = -log .0035 = 2.45 f) pH=4.2 + log ((0.0075)/(0.01-0.0075)) H+ = 2.1 x 10^-5 M 2) a) 6.09 x 10^-3 (PV= nRT) b) 1.4-.2 = 1.20 atm c) .2 atm (5/1) = 1.0 atm (when working on this problem I created the equation found in part d during…

Words 675 - Pages 3

argument outfline Essay

and Ag Study Guide Test Date: TBD Chapters Covered: 9 & 10 For each of the following topics, you should know what they are and be able to explain how they relate to the food and agriculture unit. For your study guide, either create an outline, note cards or rephrase each as a question and answer it. 1. Feeding a Growing Population a. Human nutritional requirements b. Malnourished vs. Undernourished vs. Overnourished c. Nutritional diseases and symptoms (Maramus, Kwashiorkor) d. Nutritional…

Words 310 - Pages 2

Bones Skeletons Book Report

D. Historical fiction 1. Speare, E. (1958) the Witch of Blackbeard Pond. Boston: Houghton Mifflin. Summary: This story takes place in 1687. Sixteen year old Kit Taylor lived with her whole life in Barbados. A wealthy like with her grandfather until he dies. She leaves all she has known to go live with her aunt in Wethersfield, Connecticut. She jumps overboard to recuse a young girls doll and this is where it all begins for Kit. Since she is from a different culture, can swim, dresses fancy, she…

Words 735 - Pages 3

Homework: Carbon Dioxide and Stomata Look Essay

suggested in Note 1. Ideas for creating different conditions for the plants are suggested in Note 2. b Make sure students know what stomata look like, and understand something about their function in the plant. Investigation c Collecting epidermal evidence: the epidermis will peel from some leaves quite readily. First cut the leaf. Use your fingernails to catch hold of and peel off the epidermis, or use a sharp razor blade to peel off the epidermis. Mount the peel in a drop of water on a microscope…

Words 964 - Pages 4

171ft1 Tcm77 375280 Essay example

loss of fixed assets. The capital value of any assets acquired by your business but leased out to others under finance leasing agreements. Rentals charged for assets leased by you through operational leasing facilities. Assets outside the UK. S P E C IM All work of a capital nature carried out by your own staff. This should cover the provision of any capital asset or item ranked as capital for taxation purposes, including computer software. The relevant labour costs and the cost of purchases…

Words 3049 - Pages 13

Hydrophobic Amino Acid Essay

Problem Set 1-Answer Key BILD1 Spring 2013 1) Using water as an example, explain what a polar molecule is. Using the stick diagram, label which atoms are positively or negatively polarized. Water, is a compound, that has a very electronegative (pulls electrons towards itself) atom ,Oxygen, that is covalently bonded to 2 Hydrogen atoms (not very electronegative), As a consequence of these covalent bonds – the shared electrons are pulled toward the Oxygen atom and causes Hydrogen to become…

Words 1017 - Pages 5

LLysfasi Specification Dry Cow And Calf Essay

Interior building work Drainage Retaining wall See Specification Notes 2 SPECIFICATION NOTES ‐ Dry cow and Calf Building See drawing B 1 Concrete panels 150mm fixed to stanchion‐ internal x 2m high 2 Feed Fence‐ see specification drawing 3 Concrete floor RC40, min 150mm over hardcore base suitably compacted (internal areas of building) 4 Concrete curbs (600mm wide x min 200mm deep) 5 Water troughs‐ concrete with backing to prevent cow access from bedding area…

Words 1226 - Pages 5

Essay about Chemistry: Oxygen and Marks

formula for: (i) limestone (1 mark) (ii) lime (1 mark) (c) Write a balanced equation with state symbols for what happens when limestone is heated. (2 marks) Water reacts with lime to form slaked lime (calcium hydroxide). (d) Write a word equation for this reaction using chemical names. (1 mark) (e) Write a balanced equation with state symbols for this reaction. (3 marks) (f) Farmers use slaked lime for liming the soil. Why is it necessary to lime some soils? (1 mark) Question…

Words 2609 - Pages 11

Green Roof Essay

Locating all of tion’s large tanks. Some of the tanks those venues within a single structure were integrated with the building’s constituted “almost a literal depiction ground-level structure and thus will of what the academy is,” notes Young. experience seismic-induced forces, “The academy is the only institution in Chambers says. The various footings the world that houses what it does— for the foundation range in thickness an aquarium and a planetarium and a from 1.5 to 4 ft (0…

Words 5693 - Pages 23

Nt1310 Unit 9 Lab Report

stage. Step five starts with the lowest magnification and gradually increase the magnification power until the specimen is viewed clearly. 3. What difference in orientation did you note when you observed the letter “e” with the naked eye compared to when you observed the letter “e” under the microscope? When the letter “e” was viewed with the naked eye, it appeared normal. In contrast…

Words 1147 - Pages 5