Fred Phelps and the Westboro Church then appealed the verdict, claiming that the amount was excessive and that the 1st Amendment to the U.S. Constitution protected their right to peacefully protest. The District Court decreased the monetary debt, however, the verdict was not changed. The case then went to the 4th Circuit Court of Appeals which determined that the church’s speech is protected by the 1st Amendment, therefore, Snyder was not entitled to monetary damages. The Supreme Court agreed with the ruling of the 4th Circuit Court in an 8-1 majority opinion, affirming that the church’s speech is