It is easy for us, therefore, to assume that this same enthusiasm for novelty characterized medicine in the past as well. But that is not what history shows. Medicine became more modern in the 19th century, with the production of new inventions, new theories arouse, and the rebirth of professionalism for both male and female nurses and doctors. These scientific developments played a role in all of the changes made; the practice of trial and error was replaced by long medical practice in school and