According to Cain (2011), “students were to be protected from controversial and potentially divisive ideas”). The University of Michigan banned controversial and political speakers from coming to school to protect the school’s reputation and minimize conflict. To protect the school’s reputation and minimize conflict they “refrain[ed] from any speech that did not link neutrality to patriotism” (Cain, 2011). Since the United States was neutral until 1917, schools wanted to ensure their beliefs were following the