Little Exercise Can Improve Health

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http://thechart.blogs.cnn.com/2011/08/16/even-a-little-exercise-could-improve-health/?iref=allsearch
Researchers from Taiwan’s National Health Research Institutes found that individuals who exercised an average of 92 minutes a week had 14 percent reduced mortality compared with inactive people. This extended to three more years of life expectancy, according to the study published in the Lancet o What type of study was performed?
 Observational study o How many subjects were involved in the study?
 416,175 people o How were bi-ases reduced or eliminated in the study design?
 The authors surveyed 416,175 people at randomly who self-assessed how much they exercised o What results are presented?
 People who exercised had less deaths and less cancer-related deaths than inactive individuals o How credible are the results? Hint: Critique the statistics presented in the article.
 “Because of its observational nature, Wen and colleagues’ study cannot establish causality, but their results are entirely consistent” with previous findings regarding exercise," wrote Anil Nigam of the Montreal Heart Institute and Martin Juneau of Université de Montréal in an accompanying commentary in the Lancet. http://www.nejm.org/doi/full/10.1056/NEJMoa1203034#t=article Participants were randomly assigned to receive 250 ml (8 oz) per day of a sugar-free, artificially sweetened beverage (sugar-free group) or a similar sugar-containing beverage that provided 104 kcal (sugar group). Beverages were distributed through schools o What type of study was performed?
 The study was an 18-month, double-blind, randomized, controlled trial-observational study o How many subjects were involved in the study?
 641 primarily normal-weight children o How were bi-ases reduced or eliminated in the study design?
 The double-blind design eliminated the effects of psychological cues and socially desirable behavior and allowed testing of biologic mechanisms alone. o What results are presented?
 Researchers found that masked replacement of a sugar-containing beverage with a sugar-free beverage significantly reduced weight gain and body fat gain in healthy children o How credible are the results? Hint: Critique the statistics presented in the article.
 Our sample size was adequate to allow precise outcomes, and the 18-month study duration ensured that the observed effect was not transient. The large sample and stratified randomization produced well-balanced study groups at baseline. We assume that the mean changes in other factors that affect weight were also similar between the groups http://www.nejm.org/doi/full/10.1056/NEJMoa1001933 A research was made upon school-based eating program addressing risk factors for diabetes among children whose race or ethnic group and socioeconomic status placed them at high risk for obesity and type 2diabetes.

o What type of study was performed?
 randomized, cluster-design study in 42 schools at 7 field sites for a school year o How many subjects were involved in the study?
 Black and Hispanic children and lower socioeconomic status and meals for a hole year o How were bi-ases reduced or eliminated in the study design?
 Intercessions affect the study, and bi-ases were reduced by selecting a certain race with a certain situation o What results are presented?
 There was a decrease in the primary outcome in both the intervention and control schools, with no significant difference between the school groups o How credible are the results? Hint: Critique the statistics presented in the article.
 There was no statistics it was more based upon a theory o What type of study was performed?

o How many subjects were involved in the study?

o How were bi-ases reduced or eliminated in the study design? o What results are presented? o How credible are the results? Hint: Critique the statistics presented in the article.

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