Types Of Energy Essay

Submitted By achoo678
Words: 4188
Pages: 17
Open Document
Types of Energy
Potential energy-stored energy, not yet in a usable form (potential energy can be viewed as motion waiting to happen). Ex: A car on top of a hill, water at the top of a waterfall or stored behind a dam.
Kinetic energy-The energy of motion [energy in a usable form (ex:ATP)]. Kinetic energy is energy at work, whenever we use energy to do work, it is in the kinetic state. Ex: A car racing down a hill, even electrical energy (light coming from a lamp) is kinetic energy.
Thermal energy-energy in the form of heat.
Chemical energy-energy from molecules in the biological sense.

Types of Work
Chemical work-chemical energy from molecules is used to break down products.
Mechanical work-mechanical work is shown by organisms that move and is always involved with movement.

Laws of Thermodynamics
The formal study of heat and other forms of energy is called thermodynamics. The total amount of energy always remains constant and energy cannot be created or destroyed, this is the first law of thermodynamics. The second law of thermodynamics is that energy tends to disperse spontaneously.
-Energy flows from organized (carbs) to disorganized (heat). The reason we say this is because heat is dissipated everywhere and it can’t be used because it’s highly disorganized. Entropy is a measurement of a systems disorder. Ex: The only thing that can happen to a clean room, which is highly organized, is it can get messy, so it's highly unstable. A very dirty room is highly disorganized and all that can happen is it can get cleaner, so it's highly highly stable.

Energy/Photosynthesis
-Energy is the capacity to do work. Cellular energy is a molecule ATP and in respiration cellular energy is produced.
One-way flow of energy-Energy flows through the world of life in one direction: from the environment, through organisms, and back to the environment. The flow of energy is one way because with each transfer of energy, some energy escapes as heat. Cells do not use heat to do work. Thus, all of the energy that enters the world of life eventually leaves it, permanently.
Photosynthesis (Note:the ultimate source of energy is sunlight and photosynthesis takes place in chloroplast. Chemical Equation: energy+CO2+H2O-->C6H12O6+CO2) gets us to the production of carbs and CO2, then respiration (which occurs in mitochondria) uses the carbs and CO2 (C6H12O6+CO2-->ATP+CO2+H2O) to get us the rest of the way through the flow of energy, ATP+CO2+H2O is produced at the end.

Enzymes
-Enzymes enhance the rate of reactions without being changed by them, a process called catalysis. Most enzymes require cofactors (metal ions) or coenzymes (organic cofactors) and can move backwards and forwards and are reusable. Because enzymes are reusable, they are more efficient and this helps save cell energy/maintain homeostasis. Enzymes lower activation energy by boosting local concentrations of substrates (a molecule that is specifically acted upon by an enzyme) and orienting them in positions that favor reaction, causing the fit between a substrate and the enzymes active site (pocket in an enzyme where substrates bind and a reaction occurs). An enzyme is very specific to it's particular substrate, the 3-dimensional shape of the molecule determines its function (their recognition is "lock and key" and is passed on the tertiary structure).
-In case of enzyme deficiency/absence, the entire chain of the chemical reaction gets disrupted. There is an abnormal increase in the level of substrates, which can be toxic for the human body. Also, there is a decline in product formation, leading to deficiency for the nutrient, wherein the enzyme deficiency/absence occurs.

Metabolism/Pathways/Feedback Inhibition
Metabolism refers to activities by which cells acquire and use energy as they make and break apart organic compounds. Metabolism requires enzymes and runs on ATP.
Why are reactions in the body organized into metabolic pathways?
In
Show More

Related Documents: Types Of Energy Essay

Essay on Biology Review

BIOLOGY REVIEW Cells are the basic unit of life and often combine with other cells to form tissues. 3. The image above is of a plant cell. You can tell by the shape of the cell. Plant cells tend to be rectangular shaped while animal cells are circular. Plant cells have a cell wall and have a large central vacuole. 5&7. In the cell cycle, the cell grows and prepares for cell division. The cell is in interphase when it is preparing for division. Cell division involves the splitting of the nucleus…

Words 442 - Pages 2

Biology Lab Review Answers

BIOLOGY TEST REVIEW CHAPT 12&13 ok You better love me big time fo dis. Griffith-Griffith found that when living R cells (which should have been harmless) and dead S cells (which also should have been harmless) were injected together, the mouse became ill and living S cells could be recovered from its body. Furthermore, the type of the cells recovered from the mouse's body was determined by the type of the dead S cells. The transforming factor had to be a gene Avery-Avery is attributed with…

Words 386 - Pages 2

Essay on Biology quiz review

Biology Quiz Review Cellular Membranes: Cell membrane is semi-permeable Only lets certain things in H2O small molecule…starch is huge CM is a Mosaic Mixture of two types of molecules, lipids and proteins Movement within the membrane of these molecules Fluid mosaic model: cell membrane very dynamic, not static Phospholipid bilayer Cholesterol Oligosaccharides proteins 1. Two layers of lipids: phospholipid bilayer is amphipathic A. Hydrophilic head-interacting with water B. Hydrophobic…

Words 1198 - Pages 5

Biology Review For the Final Essay

Biology Review For the Final: Total 75-100 MCQ Please review all the terminology involved with these topics Ch 2:Water molecule structure - polarity Properties due to polarity - Hydrogen bonds Cohesion/adhesion Specific heat Universal solvent How these properties are helpful for life (animal & plants) Enzymes - Mechanism of action Activation energy Exothermic & endothermic reactions with & without enzymes Ch 3,4,5: Ecology: Energy flow, cycles of matter…

Words 2246 - Pages 9

Biology Exam Review Essay

Biology Exam Review Layers of eye: Sclera: white portion of eye, maintains shape. Iris: coloured portion of the eye. Pupil: opening in the center of the eye. Conjunctiva: mucous membrane layer that covers the sclera. Lacrinal gland: produces tears Lacrinal Duct: is in the inner edge of eye. Cornea: transparent, nonvascular layer covering the coloured part of the eye. Choroid: in between retina and sclera. Rich with blood vessels. Lens: biconvex structure that helps focus the image onto retina…

Words 3394 - Pages 14

Biology 101 Review Essay

Definitions Hierarchy: An organizational scheme that dictates the order in which organisms exist Biotic: Of or relating to living organisms Abiotic: Of or characterized by the absence of life or living organisms Life Characteristics: Having a metabolism, reproduction, growth and development and responding stimuli and adapting Metabolism: Using energy from some source to grow and reproduce Calorie: A source of energy Homeostasis: The ability to stay in the same condition Carbon Compounds:…

Words 783 - Pages 4

Essay on Biology Review Notes

Bio94 (TA Alejandra Rodriguez) Study guide for the final exam on Wednesday March 20, 2013 Hi! This is only a skeleton study guide that you may use to help organize the key concepts presented in lectures. Some important points are in bold. I also added the figures of each chapter that I consider useful for studying (it doesn’t mean that you have to memorize them! Just try to extract the useful information). I also added the homework questions with some hints. I wrote all my comments in blue…

Words 6970 - Pages 28

Essay on Biology EOC Review Packet

Name: __________________________ BIOLOGY EOC REVIEW PACKET Scientific Method 1. Define the following: a. Independent Variable: the variable that I change in the experiment b. Dependent Variable: the variable that I am measuring (it depends on the independent variable) c. Control Variable: variable that stay the same d. Controlled experiment: an experiment in which only one variable is changed at a time e. Hypothesis: an educated guess (If…, then…) 2. You have measured the…

Words 3035 - Pages 13

Biology Unit 3 Review Essay

Unit 3 Review Chapter 11 1. Describe each of the experiments that demonstrated that DNA is the genetic material. 2. Explain how the contributions of Wilkins and Franklin, Watson and Crick, and Chargaff resulted in understanding the structure of DNA. 3. Describe the importance of covalent bonds and hydrogen bonds to the structure of a DNA molecule. 4. Explain the results of the Meselson-Stahl experiment and describe the predicted results if DNA replication followed the other possible models. 5. Describe…

Words 2315 - Pages 10

Biology Unit 2: Test Review Essay

Estrogen & the cell: Lipid estrogen enters the target cell by simple diffusion Estrogen binds to clusters of estrogen protein receptors This activated estrogen-estrogen receptor (E-ER) travels into the cell’s nucleus The estrogen-estrogen receptor then binds to the estrogen response element (((( this is near the promoter, but can act to either stimulate OR turn off transcription)))) Estrogen goes straight across cells bc it’s a steroid molecule Hydrophilic molecules don’t go straight across...…

Words 328 - Pages 2