Cell and Plasma Membrane Essay

Submitted By AndrewDHall
Words: 914
Pages: 4
Open Document
Module 2 key terms
Active Transport- Membrane transport processes for which ATP is required. Also refers to solute pumping.
Anabolism- Energy requiring building phase of metabolism in which simpler substances are combined to form more complex substances.
Anticodon- The three base sequence complementary to the messenger RNA codon.
Aerobic- Requiring oxygen.
Anaerobic- Not requiring oxygen.
Catabolism- Process in which living cells breakdown substances into smaller substances.
Centriole- Minute body found near the nucleus of the cell; active in cell division.
Centrosome- A region near the nucleus which contains paired organelles and centrioles.
Chromatin- Structures in the nucleus that carry the hereditary factors (genes).
Chromosome- Bar-like bodies of tightly coiled chromatin. Visible during cell division.
Cilia- Tiny, hairlike projection on cell surfaces that move in a wavelike manner.
Krebs cycle- Aerobic metabolic pathway occurring within mitochondria, in which food metabolites are oxidized and Co2 is liberated, and coenzymes are reduced. Also called the citric acid cycle.
Codon- The three-base sequence on a messenger RNA molecule that provides the genetic information used in protein synthesis, code given for an amino acid.
Cytoplasm- The cellular material surrounding the nucleus and enclosed by the plasma membrane.
Chemiosmosis- The movement of ions across a selectively permeable membrane, down their electrochemical gradiant. Relates to the generation if ATP by the movement if hydrogen ions across a membrane during cellular respiration.
Dehydrogenase- An enzyme that catalyzes the removal of hydrogen from a substrate and the transfer of the hydrogen to an acceptor in an oxidation reduction reaction.
Desmosome- Cell junction composed of thickened plasma membrane joined by filaments.
Diffusion- The spreading of particles in a gas or solution with a movement torward uniform distribution of particles; driven by kinetic energy.
Electron transport- The transfer of electrons from one carrier molecule, as a flavoprotein or a cytochrome to another along the respiratory chain and ultimately to oxygen during the aerobic production of ATP
Endocytosis- Means by which fairly large extracellular molecules or particles enter cells; eg phagocytosis, pinocytosis, receptor mediated endocytosis.
Endoplasmic reticulum- Membranous network of tubular or saclike channels in the cell.
Endothermic- A process or reaction in which the system absorbs energy from its surroundings in the form of heat.
Exocytosis- Mechanism by which substances are moved from the cell interior to the extracellular space as a secretory vesicle fuses with the plasma membrane.
Exothermic- A process or reaction that releases energy from the system, usually in the form of heat
Facilitated Transport- A form of passive transport in which materials are moved across the plasma membrane by a transport protein down their concentration gradient; hence it does not require energy.
Filtration- The act or process of filtrating, especially the process of passing a liquid or gas, such as air, through a filter in order to remove solid particles.
Flagella- A long lashlike appendage that serving as an organ of locomotion.
Gap Junction- A passageway between two adjacent cells; formed by transmembrane proteins called connexons.
Glycocalyx- A layer of externally facing glycoproteins on a cell’s plasma membrane that determines blood type; involved in the cellular interactions of fertilization, embryonic development, and immunity, and acts as an adhesive between cells.
Glycolysis- Breakdown of glucose to pyruvic acid (an anaerobic process)
Golgi apparatus- Membranous system close to the cell nucleus that packages protein secretions for export; packages enzymes into lysosomes for cellular use, and modifies proteins destined to become part of cellular membranes.
Hypertonic- Excessive, above normal, tone or tension
Hypotonic- Below normal tone or tension.
Show More

Related Documents: Cell and Plasma Membrane Essay

Cell Membrane and Plasma Membrane Increases Essay

Cell Membrane and Methods of Transportation The Structure: Cell Membranes are composed by two layers of phospholipid, which form a bilayer. Phospholipids are made up of a polar, hydrophilic area containing phosphate group bonded to glycerol and a non-polar, hydrophobic area containing fatty acids. Hydrophilic (water-loving) areas point inwards and the ‘heads’ appear on the outside of the membrane where water is present. Hydrophobic areas (water-hating) point outwards and the ‘tails’ orientate…

Words 611 - Pages 3

Essay Anatomy Intorduction to the Human Body

ANATOMY & PHYSIOLOGY I WORKSHEET I Plasma Membrane and Cellular Transport Structure of the Plasma Membrane 1. Why do you think it is important to have a membrane surrounding each of our trillions of cells? Expect varying answers, but the idea is have the students understand the plasma membrane separates the cells from their environment and each other while also regulating the material within each cell. 2. What are two distinctive physical features of phospholipids? Heads are polar (water soluble…

Words 1377 - Pages 6

Biology 101 Essay

Cell Theory 1. Cell is the fundamental unit of life 2. Organisms are composed of cells. 3. Cells arise only from pre-existing cells Cells -> Tissues -> Organs -> Organisms Mitochondria Plasma Membrane Primary Cell Wall Secondary Cell Wall Nucleus Tonoplast Central Vacoule ER Ribosomes Primary Cell Wall –All Plants have-Composed of Cellulose Cellulose-Polymer of Glucose Micro fibril-Threadlike Space between- Free Spaces Secondary Cell Wall- Not all Plants…

Words 900 - Pages 4

Why Are Organelles Important?

various functions to occur in the cell at the same time. The Plasma Membrane: is to protect cells. The Cytoplasm: is composed of water and it has salt. It is present within the cell membranes and contains organelles and cell parts. The Cytoskeleton: It gives shapes to cells and supports cells and makes easier movement through the main components that are microfilaments, intermediate filaments, and microtubules. Ribosomes: makes protein and protein helps repairing cell function and it also helps directing…

Words 452 - Pages 2

2.4 membranes Essay

Biology 12 Study Guide 2.4 Membranes 2.4.1 Draw and label a diagram to show the structure of membranes. 2.4.2 Explain how the hydrophobic and hydrophilic properties of phospholipids help to maintain the structure of cell membranes. The hydrophobic and hydrophilic properties of phospholipids cause them to align in a bilayers where the hydrophilic phosphate heads will be attracted to the water inside and outside of the cell and the hydrophobic fatty…

Words 560 - Pages 3

UnivBio Lecture4 Essay

Chapter 6 A Tour of the Cell Cellular level of organization • Cell theory: • A unifying concept in biology • Originated from the work of biologists Schleiden and Schwann in 1838-9 • States that: – All organisms are composed of cells – All cells come only from preexisting cells – Smallest unit of life • German botanist Matthais Schleiden in 1838 • German zoologist Theodor Schwann in 1839 • German physician Rudolph Virchow in 1850’s Organisms and Cells 3 Cell Size • Most much smaller than one…

Words 2736 - Pages 11

Essay about The Fluid Mosaic Model

MOSAIC MODEL?  The fluid mosaic model of plasma membrane is the most accepted hypothesis, which describes the membranous components and their functions. According to this model, the plasma membrane is similar to a fluid, in which various molecules are arranged in a mosaic-like pattern.  The protoplasm of every living cell is enclosed by a plasma membrane. It holds true for both simple prokaryotic, as well as for the complex eukaryotic cells. This membrane not only serves as a protective covering…

Words 348 - Pages 2

Essay on DESCRIBE THE STRUCTURAL COMPARTMENTATIO

THE STRUCTURAL COMPARTMENTATION OF MAMMALIAN CELLS AND THE DIFFERING FUNCTIONS OF THESE COMPARTMENTS Mammalian cells are classified as eukaryotic cells, as they contain organelles that are presented in all eukaryotic cells and with a membrane-bounded nucleus. Mammalian cells are one of four eukaryotic kingdoms, alongside Plantae, Fungi and Protista[1]. Eukaryotic cells are differ from prokaryotic cells by their larger in cell size, nucleus are membrane- bounded and complexity illustrated on their…

Words 1589 - Pages 7

Importance Of Science In Biology

INTRODUCTION AND SCIENTIFIC METHOD (ch 1 and 4) Biology is the systematic study of life. Atoms  Molecules  Cells  Tissues  Organs  Organ system Population  Community  Ecosystem  Biosphere Population: a group of individuals of a species in an area Community: all populations of all species in a given area Ecosystem: a community interacting with its environment Biosphere: all regions that hold life All living things have similar characteristics: 1. Continual inputs…

Words 1251 - Pages 6

Reports: Cell and Membrane Essay

transport in a cell, meaning that materials move into the cell via small membranous sacs. There are three types of endocytosis and they are pinocytosis, which is "cell drinking", liquids are allowed in the cell and these particles are carried into the cell by pinosomes. The other type is phagocytosis, which means "cell eating" and they are received by phagosomes. The third type of endocytosis is receptor mediated endocytosis, these are protein-coated vesicles that work to bring into cell substances that…

Words 2754 - Pages 12