Cervical insufficiency is when the cervix is weak and starts to open (dilate) and thin (efface) before the pregnancy is at term and without labor starting. This is also called incompetent cervix. It can happen in the second or third trimester when the fetus starts putting pressure on the cervix. Cervical insufficiency can lead to a miscarriage, preterm premature rupture of the membranes (PPROM), or having the baby early (preterm birth).
RISK FACTORS
This condition is more likely to develop if:
• You have a shorter cervix than normal.
• Damage or injury occurred to your cervix from a past pregnancy or surgery.
• You were born with a cervical defect.
• You have had a procedure done on the cervix, such as cervical biopsy.
• You have a history of cervical insufficiency.
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SYMPTOMS
Symptoms of this condition can vary from no symptoms to mild symptoms that start between week 14 through 20. The symptoms may last several days or weeks. These symptoms include:
• Light spotting or bleeding from the vagina.
• Pelvic pressure.
• A change in vaginal discharge, such as discharge that changes from clear, white, or light yellow to pink or tan.
• Back pain.
• Abdominal pain or cramping.
DIAGNOSIS
This condition may be diagnosed based on your symptoms and medical history. It cannot be diagnosed before you become pregnant. Once you are pregnant, tell your health care provider:
• About your medical history.
• If you have had any problems in past pregnancies, e.g., miscarriages.
• About any procedures performed on your cervix.
• If you have a history of cervical insufficiency.
If your health care provider thinks you are at high risk for cervical insufficiency, or show signs of cervical insufficiency, he or she may:
• Perform a pelvic exam. This will check for:
• The presence of the membranes (amniotic sac) coming out of the cervix.
• Cervical abnormalities.
• Cervical injuries.
• The presence of