Essay on childcare nvq 3

Task b2
Cognitive
Jean Piaget theory describes the stages of normal intellectual development. Piaget recorded the intellectual development and activities of infants, children and adults. Piagets four stages of intellectual development are, sensorimotor (18-24 months), preoperational (age 7), concrete operational (age 7-12) and formal operational (through adulthood semester)(. Sensorimotor stage shows how infants are only aware of what is in front of them, what they see, doing and physical. They don’t know yet what things do and are concisely experimenting and learning through trial and error. Preoperational stage shows how their language becomes more mature and how they develop their memory and imagination. Concrete stage shows children’s thinking becomes less egocentric they begin to understand their own thoughts and feelings. Formal operation shows young adults can understand science and algebra, how they can think about multiple variables in systematic ways formulates hypotheses and considers possibilities.
Psychoanalysis
Freud believed psychoanalysis could be a cure for depression and anxiety disorders, he thought he could cure this by making conscious there unconscious thoughts and motivations gaining insight. It is not clear if clients benefit from psychoanalysis and it would eventually get better any way this theory was neither accepted nor rejected as not everyone agreed.
Humanist
Rousseau’s theory was about mental health, he thought human nature can and does change. He believed human nature is innately good and society is the corrupting force that transforms man into the self-interested man described and the Hobbs. Rousseau emphasized nature and basic goodness or humans.
Social learning
Banduras theory was mainly about behaviour and it is learned from the environment through the processes of observational learning. His experiment (bebo doll) was based on children. He had 36girls and 36 boy’s ages between 3-6 and 2 adults. He put a number of tests involving the 2 adults and the children to see if they would copy the adults or learn in their own. His conclusion after the tests showed that the children who observed aggressive models made more imitative aggressive responses than the ones not in that group, boys were most likely to imitate the same sex than the girls. So basically positive or negative reinforcement will have little impact if the reinforcement offered externally does not match the individual needs. Reinforcement can be positive or negative but the impact factor is that it will usually lead to change in a person’s behaviour.
Operate and conditioning/behaviourist
Skinner believed we learned by using our own mind. He did not agree with Watsons theory witch was children learn by being influenced. Skinner used animals to experiment his theory’s he showed a test witch involved natural operates, reinforces and punishers. He thought if you make mistakes you learn from the consequence. E.g. if you was to smoke at school or hang around with the wrong people and if you stopped hanging out with the wrong people and was good you was get phrases and rewarded this would make you want to carry on and not smoke etc. But if you was to get caught you would be in a lot of trouble probably put in detention and your parents would be informed and you would be punished. Positive reinforcement, skinner used a rat to show how they can be learned and how to get food, he put it in a box and did experiments in the end the rat new what he couldn’t do and new were his reward was this strengthens behaviour by using consequences an individual finds rewarding.
Social pedagogy
Vygotskys theory was explaining how children learn in a group and can teach other children by their own actions copying other children. So if a child was on their own they would find it more difficult to learn. He believed there should be greater control by a mentor who

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