Nt1310 Unit 1 Lab Report

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If-then rules are developed based on input Fuzzy variables shown in Figures 1, 2, and 3, as shown in Table 1. A selection chance is considered for each of network nodes based on rules presented in Table 1. In this section, 9 levels are considered for each node's chance (i.e. very weak, weak, slightly weak, below average, average, above average, slightly strong, strong, very strong).
Probability value for each level is determined based on Table 2. The higher the probability value is, the higher is the chance of being cluster head. After that the candidate cluster heads are chosen based on Fuzzy rules, other nodes should become a member of these cluster heads. Therefore, the members should be assigned to the cluster heads such that energy consumption gets balanced at each cluster. In this study, genetic algorithm is used for assigning members to cluster heads which will be described in the following section.
For the initial population of genetic algorithm, an integer coding scheme is used. Each gene has a random value between 1 and m (m is the number of cluster heads). The length of each individual or chromosome in this population equals the number of all nodes that exist in the network. Equation 1 is used to evaluate the fitness of each chromosome. …show more content…
E represents the required energy for sending data from nodes to cluster heads and from cluster heads to the main station. Sd represents the distance of all nodes to the base station and hsd represents the sum of the distances of all nodes to the cluster heads and the distances from cluster heads to the base station. α is a constant by which the importance of energy parameter is determined. To select chromosomes tournament strategy is used. In this strategy the chromosome population is compared pair wise and the chromosome with higher propriety is

Nt1310 Unit 1 Lab Report

Station 1A: Reflection (Mirrors) 1.This station shows reflection because it shows how the laser reflects off the mirrors. 2.This station does not have energy that is being absorbed. The energy in this station is not being absorbed it is being reflected off the mirror. 3.The shapes that were in this station were triangles because the laser reflected off the mirrors in a triangle shape 4.Two other examples of reflection is when you can see yourself in a bubble and also when light reflects of…

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Nt1310 Unit 1 Lab Report

1.) Sticky ends are sites seen on single-stranded DNA or RNA molecules, having a nucleotide base sequence complementary to that of another strand. These are created when restriction endonucleases are used to unevenly cut, or cleave DNA at a specific sequence, allowing for the two strands to be connected by base pairing. These structures are produced in the laboratory with the use of restriction enzymes for cloning purposes. Scientists can choose from several places to cut the genetic sequence with…

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Nt1310 Unit 1 Lab Report

In Lab 9, we looked at three kingdoms of autotrophic protists: Stramenophiles (brown algae and diatoms); Rhodophyta (the red algae); and Chlorophyta (green algae). Autotrophic protists are at the base of the aquatic food chain, and they range vastly in size, color, movement, and life cycle. It is interesting how diatoms produce nearly fifty percent of the earth's oxygen. In addition to the main lab activity, we compared two SF bay water samples, one of which contained a small amount of fertilizer…

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Nt1310 Unit 1 Lab Report

1. Parameters that define substrate characteristics: Substrate characteristics parameters basically include the attributes that define the substrate, such as the elasticity of the substrate used, Poisson's ration of the substrate, thickness of the substrate, diameter of the fluorescent beads embedded into the substrates, etc. a. TITLE: This is the first line of the template file. The user should edit the existing line with a descriptive title that best defines their experiment. For this particular…

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Nt1310 Unit 1 Lab Report

exception was the length at 1 second. This length was not even close to the absolute error. The suspected reason for this is because, in the beginning, our group was not properly swinging the pendulum at the correct time. When comparing the increasing absolute error and the relative error values, I could not identify any significant pattern. The found values were sometimes higher and sometimes lower. No pattern or meaningful change was identified in our data. In Graph 1 there is an obvious observation…

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Nt1310 Unit 1 Lab Report

Virtual Laboratory Activity - BIOL 1121 - Unit 3 Data Collection and Result While you are working on this virtual lab activity, please record your data in the tables below. 1. What is the difference between a. and a. Data Collection Table A. First Set – Presence of Green and Blue leakage channel No. Solution Movement Across Membrane 1. Green Particles 2 - Particles 2. Blue Particles 1 particle Overall observation: I observed that, the green particles were the first to cross. Also, both particles…

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Nt1310 Unit 1 Lab Report

Subnet Mask : To create the subnet mask, first remember that the purpose of the subnet mask is to separate the (32 bit) ip address into the network prefix and the host number. If a bit in the subnet mask is 1, the corresponding bit in the IP address is part of the network address; if the bit in the subnet mask is 0, the corresponding bit in the IP address is part of the host address. First depict the ip address in binary. Take 192.168.100.0 and convert to binary: ip address: 11000000…

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Nt1310 Unit 1 Lab Report

Task 1 Background information Name: Anonymous Gender: Male Age: 16yrs Height: 162 Body mass: 72kg Training background: Can run 3km in 19 min Normal heart rate: 70 Normal respiratory rate: 13 Health conditions: He has sinus which is more of a risk factor to the victims in sports that involve running (this means soccer is involved since it involves running so as to get the ball). Training: Can run 3km for 19 minutes Activity choice to be done: Football (soccer) Prior experience of football: He…

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Nt1310 Unit 1 Lab Report

#--------------------------------- # Lab 5: Pixel Conversion # # Name: (-- removed HTML --) # # -------------------------------- # Below is the expected output. # # Converting pixels to grayscale: # 0 # 1 # 2 # 34 # 5 # 67 # 89 # Finished. # -- program is finished running -- #--------------------------------- .data 0x0 startString: .asciiz "Converting pixels to grayscale:\n" finishString: .asciiz "Finished." newline: .asciiz "\n" pixels: .word 0x00010000, 0x010101, 0x6,…

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Nt1310 Unit 1 Lab Report

Project 1: Lab Report Frank Johnson CHM2045L Section 001 June 5, 2018 Introduction: We discover some elements in nature that are unknown and it’s difficult to know what elements are in these compounds. We can take a random substance that is unknown from nature and figure out what it is composed of by running simple lab tests. A real-world example of this would be how doctors examine a patient’s blood to see if they have overdosed off of drugs. By using the procedures in this project 1 lab, we can…

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