Kelly and Witko used unemployment as an example. While most states can influence a large number of policies that can influence unemployment, they also face restrictions that hinders the use of their public policy that determines employment results, and this restraints are most severe during periods of economic recessions. These restraints occur due to balanced budget requirements whereby states cannot just use fiscal policy to offshoot employment in times of economic recession because they would have to increase taxes to encourage spending, and an increase in taxes could counterbalance any advantage gotten from increased expenditures. Even with all the policy restrictions that the state governments face, Kelly and Witko showed that the states still play important roles in the economy as regards employment. Even with the persistent holdup in Washington D.C., states have taken control in handling problems that matter like income inequality, poverty and unemployment, even when they have limited ability during periods of major economic downturns when the need for government intervention is greatest. Kelly and Witko showed that as the economy improves states will have more options to influence employment effects if they decide to do so. Daley et al. also showed how state governments use execution decision once granted. Specifically, they influence variation in institutional environments and problem conditions to investigate the factors associated with state drinking water investment decisions. The major focus of their study is the Drinking Water State Revolving Fund (DWSRF), which is a program that provides grants to states, the states then make use of these funds to provide little or no interest rate loans to local communities to improve drinking water