Moreover, Rutter (1972)believed there are protective factors that could halt the effects, such as the individual or environmental resources such as; books and toys which children could rely on when forming resilience.This can be done by, reducing the risk impact (intervention),reduction of negative chain reactions through techniques(coping strategies)and family based safety programs , establishment and maintenance of self-efficacy and opening up of opportunities to allow change to happen in the wider community on a macro level.(Cited inMontgomery H & Oates J.2015 4.0)