She asserts that governments often spend excessive amounts of money subsidizing harmful environmental actions, rather than subsidizing actions that reduce nonrenewable energy use (Dale, 2001). While many of our case study cities do not mention the elimination of counterproductive subsidies, several have made a strong effort to maximize the use of subsidies and tax incentives that encourage behavior that is healthy for the economy and environment. For example, New York City’s lawmakers are currently considering a bill to develop an incentive program for citizens who drive electric or other fuel-efficient vehicles (The City of New York, 2014). While policy should also be passed to de-incentivize citizens from driving high-pollution vehicles, this is a good place to