Essay on study guide bio

Submitted By egyptballer0
Words: 1252
Pages: 6
Open Document
Exam 3 Micro Study Guide

Chapter 14: Disease / Epidemiology

Microbiota (the host)
Transient Microbiota may be present for days, weeks, or months
Normal Microbiota (normal flora) permanently colonize the host becoming resident Microbiota
Symbiosis is the relationship between normal Microbiota and the host

Symbiosis
Commensalism: One organism is benefited
Mutualism: both organisms benefit
Parasitism: one organism is benefited at the expense of the other
Some normal Microbiota are opportunistic pathogens
E. coli  bladder infection (opportunistic pathogen)

Microbial Antagonism
Competition between the microbes
Normal Microbiota protect the host by:
Occupying niches that pathogens may occupy
Producing acids
Producing bacteriocins
Probiotics are live microbes applied to or ingested into the body, intended to have a beneficial effect

Infectious Disease
Transmissible/ contagious  tetanus or clostridium tetani (rusty nails), puncture wound needed
To grow it must multiply
**It is a growth in the body that causes a deviation from the normal symptoms**
*Classifying Infectious Diseases*
Symptom: is a change in body function that is felt as a result of disease
Sign: is a change in a body that can be measured or observed
Syndrome: is a specific group of signs and symptoms that accompany disease
Communicable Disease: is a disease that is spread from one host to another
Contagious Disease: is a disease that is easily spread from one host to another
Noncommunicable Disease: is a disease that is not transmitted from one host to another

First Line of Defense
1st line of defense
Structural defenses  skin, mucous membranes
Mechanical defenses  movement (tears), mucociliary system, flushing (urine flow)
Biochemical defenses  dryness, acidity, lysozyme, or bile
Skin
Size is 2m2
Secretions  sweat
Apocrine at puberty, hypocrine for cooling
Limiting Factors  dryness or a pH of 3.5-5.5
Adaptations of microorganisms
Adhesions  adhere to cells and bind sugars
Mucous Membrane  400m2 (mostly in intestines)

Anatomical Location of Bacteria
Staphylococci and corynebacteria (diphtheria) can be found residing in the skin but are also found in nasal membranes and in the Urogenital tract in the anterior urethra.

Public Health Terms
Incidence: (new#/year) fraction of a population that contracts a disease during a set time
Prevalence: fraction of a population having a disease at a given time
Sporadic Disease: a disease that occurs occasionally in a population
Endemic Disease: a disease that is constantly present in a population
Epidemic Disease: acquired by many hosts (relative) in a given area in a short time sometimes only 2 cases can cause an epidemic.
Pandemic Disease: is a worldwide epidemic
Herd Immunity: is the immunity in most of a population

Severity or Duration of a Disease (approx. 3 months)
Acute Disease: symptoms usually develop rapidly
Chronic Disease: disease develops slowly
Subacute Disease: symptoms develop between acute and chronic
Latent Disease: Disease with a period of no symptoms when the patient is inactive

Host Involvement
Local Infection: Pathogens are limited to a small area of the body
Systematic Infection: Infection throughout the body (small pox)
Focal Infection: Systemic infection that begins as a local infection
Bacteremia: Bacteria in the blood
Septicemia: Growth of bacteria in the blood
Toxemia: Toxins in the blood
Viremia: Viruses in the blood
Primary Infection: acute infection that causes the initial signs/illnesses
Secondary Infection: Opportunistic infection after a primary infection
Subclinical Disease: No noticeable signs/symptoms (inapparent infection)

Stages of Disease
Incubation Period: no signs are shown
Prodromal Period: mild signs begin to show
Period of Illness: most severe signs and symptoms are now expressed
Period of Decline: some signs and symptoms are still visible but depleting
Period of
Show More

Related Documents: Essay on study guide bio

Bio Study Guide Essay

Vivian So 1) Mendelian Genetics a) Difference between monohybrid and dihybrid crosses, and using a punnett square or mathematically. Monohybrid - A genetic cross made to examine the distribution of one specific set of alleles in the resulting offspring Example: tall peas x short peas or TT x tt Dihybrid - Hybridization using two traits with two alleles each. Example: tall peas with round seeds x short peas with wrinkled seeds or TTRR x ttrr Math- Monohybrid- just do punnett square…

Words 1225 - Pages 5

Bio Study Guide Essay

BIOL 1030 STUDY NOTES Prokaryotes * Bacteria (no nucleus or membrane bound organelles) * Archaea Eukaryotes * Eukarya (true nucleus and organelles) Autotrophic * Plants (photosynthesis) & some protists (single celled organisms) Heterotrophic * Animals * Fungi Heterotrophic Protists (Protozoans) * No common ancestor * Diplomonads (double celled) * Cilliates (two nuclei)—paramecium * Unikonta * Amoeba * Choanoflagelates (FIRST…

Words 4052 - Pages 17

Human Population Bio Study Guide

Human Population Bio. Study Guide Chapter 2 Time Linear Going from point A to Point B in a single line Ex. Past  Future Cyclical Moving at a constant pace in circles continuously repeating Ex. Calendar, Seasons Western Ideas Greco-Roman Multiple cycles (Beg. End, Beg. End etc.) Cyclical Juedo Christian Single Cycle Linear *Both the Greco-Roman and Judeo Christian believed in this cycle -Golden Age (Beginning- Adam & Eve etc.) -Degeneration (Eve making Adam eat apple) -Cataclysm (Apocalypses)…

Words 1364 - Pages 6

Bio study guide Essay examples

• Atom: the smallest part of an element that retains its property • Molecule: (can be an element or a compound) 2 or more atoms chemically bonded together- smallest it can be divided and retain essential chemical properties • Element: Pure substances that cannot be broken down chemically different/smaller substances • Compound: when elements combine chemically 1st and 2nd Laws of Thermodynamics: Law of Conservation Energy: Energy cannot be created nor destroyed, only changed in form. The…

Words 1703 - Pages 7

Bio Honors Study Guide Essay

Vocabulary: biology - the scientific study of life biosphere - all environments on earth that support life ecosystem - all organisms living in a particular area community - entire array of organisms in an ecosystem population - all individuals of a particular species living in an area organism - individual living thing organ system - consists of several organs that cooperate in a specific function organ - made of several different tissues tissues - made up of group of cells that perform…

Words 610 - Pages 3

Essay on Bio Midterm Study Guide

Midterm Study Guide GN Question: Is reproduction necessary for the continued life of a single organism? NO! Living things are based on a universal genetic code. Q: What is that code? A: In terms of genetic code- what’s the difference between organisms that reproduce asexually and those that reproduce sexually? Q: How do we get bacteria that are resistant to anti-biotic. A: They evolve. Q: Living things grow and develop: A: Cells become specialized for different functions…

Words 3773 - Pages 16

Bio Exam 1 Study Guide Essay

KEY NOTES CHAP 7 * The first view of cells: Robert Hooke’s drawing from 1665 (30X microscope) * Cells are dynamic. 1. Thousands of chemical reactions occur each second within cells 2. molecules constantly enter and exit across the plasma membrane 3. cell products are shipped along protein fibers 4. elements of the cell’s internal skeleton grow and shrink. * Electron micrograph(higher resolution than Light microscope) * fact that it was easily stained with early…

Words 777 - Pages 4

Bio Study Guide Cell Theory and Membranes Essay

CELL THEORY AND MEMBRANES Cell Theory Hooke: First to look at cells (dead cork) Leevwenhoek: first to look at living cells (pond water) Determined organisms live in peoples’ mouths. Dutrochet: “All things are made of cells”  had no/little support Brown: Discovered the nucleus of cells Dujardin: Discovered the cytoplasm Schleiden: all plants are made up of cells Schwann: all animals are made of cells Virchow: all cells come from previous living cells Cell Theory: 1. A cell is the smallest…

Words 785 - Pages 4

Become A Studymode. Com Contributor

Title: Type of document: Essay, Term Paper, or Research Paper Course Notes, Exam, Study Guide, or Other School: Course Title: (ex. Bio 101 or Algebra I) Professor: 3. Choose how you submit Become A StudyMode.com Contributor For our free membership, please upload one paper to the site. Please fill out the form below to join the site. Your account will be activated immediately. 1. Personal Information…

Words 7209 - Pages 29

project management assignment Essay

electricity (A.Cota, etal 2009) In this report we will briefly outline our aims and objectives (British Energy Group), and that of our clients (Bio-Green), stakeholder analysis, project objectives, the benefits of this type of project, and the project management miles stones. We the British Energy Group have been commissioned by an American energy company Bio-Green to make and install solar panel in Ghana in the remote village of Apoungo to boast their energy supply; we will be working in conjunction…

Words 2620 - Pages 11