Summary: The Innate Immune System

Words: 1570
Pages: 7
Open Document
There are two categories of the immune system, which respond to infections and pathogens: innate and adaptive. The innate immune system is the first line of defense and can be activated in minutes; it is also nonspecific in its defense. Examples of innate immune system mechanisms are physical barriers such as skin, phagocytic leukocytes, dendritic cells, natural killer lymphocyte cells, and circulate plasma proteins. The adaptive immune system takes longer to be activated, but it is more specific than innate immune system in defending against certain microbes. The foreign antigen must first be recognized. Then the adaptive immune system creates specific immune cells, either B lymphocytes or T lymphocytes, designed to attack only that antigen. …show more content…
Activated protein C tries to achieve homeostasis during sepsis by decreasing inflammation and coagulation and increasing fibrinolysis, but during sepsis, there will be a decrease in circulating protein C. When sepsis is occurring, the body’s normal regulatory mechanisms are failing and there will be uncontrolled inflammation, which will overwhelm the body’s normal protective response. Excessive coagulation, exaggerated inflammation, and abnormal fibrinolysis will not only occur in localized areas, but due to lack of regulatory mechanisms, spread throughout the body. Due to lack of regulation, systemic vasodilation, hypotension, increasing vascular permeability, increased cellular aggregation, obstruction, and accelerated coagulation may all occur. Intravascular fluid deficit will occur due to venous pooling, capillary leakage, and vasodilation. Capillary leakage, caused by increased vascular permeability, is enhanced due to chemically mediated endothelial damage, which would lead to fluid shifts from intravascular to interstitial spaces, causing generalized edema. Systemic vascular resistance will also decrease, making the patient more refractory to normal fluid replacement therapies. The accelerated coagulation along with decreased fibrinolysis due to lack of protein C will increase clotting in the blood vessels. That, along with the combination of decreased SVR, fluid shifts into interstitial spaces, and deposition of fibrin into the microvasculature space due to increased coagulation will cause microvascular hypoperfusion, which results in decreased blood flow to organs, which damages the organ and disrupts its functioning. Due to the increasing amount of clotting throughout the body not being controlled, it could also lead to a condition called
Show More

Related Documents: Summary: The Innate Immune System

Influenza A Essay

How Influenza A virus evades immune responses and its effects on the immune system responses Running Title: Influenza A virus: Evasion and immune responses The purpose of this paper was to analyze and get a better understanding of how Influenza A virus (IAV), better known as the common flu, bypasses the highly sophisticated immune system. An example on how the innate and adaptive immune system reacts to IAV such as the H1N1 virus will also be discussed.…

Words 2171 - Pages 9

Immune System and Complement Application Complement Essay

The Immune System Chapter 21\ Innate Defenses ! Innate: structural defenses; responds to nonspecific foreign substances " First line: external surface epithelium & membranes " Second line: inflammatory processes – antimicrobial proteins, phagocytes, etc. First Line Defenses ! Skin " " ! Mucous Membrane " ! physical barrier to microbes Keratinized. Keratin is resistant to most bacterial enzymes & toxins physical barrier & produces a variety of protective…

Words 864 - Pages 4

Rosacea Research Paper

distribution of the rash. The precise cause of the disease is uncertain but likely related to immune system abnormalities, reactions to skin bacteria, and exposure to UV (ultraviolet) radiation. Various factors can make the condition…

Words 1124 - Pages 5

Biochemistry Of Pesticides Essay

narrow spectrum Examples: 1) papain ­ found in pineapple and papaya, contains cyanogenic glycosides 2) nicotine ­ found in tobacco leaves, interacts with acetylcholine receptor 3) pyrethrum ­ found in chrysanthemums, attacks nervous system of insects 4) Cyanogenic glycosides ­ found in passion vine which is the host plant for Heliconius butterflies. As glycosides, these compounds are non­toxic and contained in an intracellular compartment. A specific glycosidase enzyme resides in a separate compartment…

Words 1602 - Pages 7

animals 02 00261 Essay

provimi.com * Author to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-Mail: halas.veronika@ke.hu; Tel.: +36-82-412-285; Fax: +36-82-313-562. Received: 1 March 2012; in revised form: 1 May 2012 / Accepted: 10 May 2012 / Published: 23 May 2012 Simple Summary: The aim of the paper is to provide a review of mannan oligosaccharide products in relation to their growth promoting effect and mode of action. Mannan oligosaccharide products maintain intestinal integrity and the digestive and absorptive function…

Words 7066 - Pages 29

Population Health Concern Case Study Essay

satisfactory health education and promotion efforts on preventing chronic disease. “Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) is a virus that causes acquired immunodeficiency syndrome, or AIDS. AIDS is a disease of the immune system which progressively reduces the effectiveness of the immune system” (NJDH). The health issue of HIV disease amongst the cities population of females and males aged 15-44 years; by race/ethnicity will be my focus point to discuss. This health issue of HIV/AIDS I chose to discuss…

Words 2021 - Pages 9

Aggression Essay

changes: our respiratory rate and blood pressure increase, blood is diverted away from our vital organs and sent to our muscles and limbs, our awareness intensifies, our sight sharpens, our impulses quicken, our perception of pain lessens, our immune system mobilises and we are prepared, physically and psychologically, to run or to fight. So anger is an emotional, physiological and cognitive state, in other words we feel it as a strong emotion; it has physiological effects on our body and it is also…

Words 5304 - Pages 22

Basic Concepts in Attachment Theory Essay

Basic Concepts in Attachment Theory Attachment theory is the joint work of John Bowlby and Mary Ainsworth (Ainsworth & Bowlby, 1991 ). Drawing on concepts from ethology, cybernetics, information processing, developmental psychology, and psychoanalysts, John Bowlby formulated the basic tenets of the theory. He thereby revolutionized our thinking about a child’s tie to the mother and its disruption through separation, deprivation, and bereavement. Mary Ainsworth’s innovative methodology not only…

Words 2821 - Pages 12

St Johns River Water Lab Report

each sample were used to create ratios of atrazine to the internal standard in order to calculate the concentrations were using the linear regression line equation. These values were recorded in Table 1 with their 95% confidence interval. Table 1. A summary of the data collected by the HPLC-MS. The calculated mean ratio for each sample was used to calculate the mean concentration in ppb. Sample Mean Atrazine (AA) Mean Atrazine D5 (AA) Mean Ratio Mean Concentration (ppb) 1 2 x 106 ± 3 x 106 5 x 106 ±…

Words 1861 - Pages 8

Essay about Rossi: Psychology and Messenger Molecules

The Deep Psychobiology of Psychotherapy: Towards a Quantum Psychology of Mindbody Healing (2001-2008)1 Ernest Lawrence Rossi, Ph.D. The Milton H. Erickson Foundation of the California Central Coast (MHE CCC) C.G. Jung Institute of Los Angeles PERSPECTIVE AND DEFINITION The Deep Psychobiology of Psychotherapy may be defined as the exploration of mindbody experience, communication and healing all levels from the cultural and psychosocial to the cellular-genetic-molecular and the quantum.…

Words 8787 - Pages 36