The policing in certain urban communities, where the …show more content…
Elizabeth A. Gaynes explains how African Americans are deemed criminogenic in her written work titled The Urban Criminal Justice System: Where Young + Black+ Male = Probable Cause, she describes that African Americans face excessive force, torture, degrading treatment, overall discriminatory treatment at disproportionate rates (Gaynes, 1993). It violates the individual rights of groups of people, in particular African Americans who have not seen fairness or justice too frequently, which become clear in the results in the form of mass incarceration. Goyens also points out that African American men are seen as the problem of urban crime, not only are they overly represented in prisons but in our city jails as well (Gaynes, 1993). Those involved in urban criminal justice system might find themselves in city jails where they might be awaiting trial for convictions for a duration of time without the proper services promised to them once