Airport security went through some major upgrades. There are now longer lines, random pat downs, and luggage checks. It was a very different atmosphere. This was called the Aviation and Transportation Security Act (T.S.A.). Before the September 11, 2001 attacks, security was run by private companies and now it is all run by the T.S.A. They now have passenger luggage screening and full body scanners. Villemez stated “Only ticketed passengers could go through security, and an ever-changing array of machinery and procedures were introduced to scan for weapons and destructive items. As new threats were discovered after 9/11, new procedures were introduced, including removing shoes and banning liquids” (“9/11 to now: Ways we have changed”). One of the biggest issues is that passengers are restricted in the amount liquids on planes. The airline companies also had to make some upgrades. The cockpits are now fortified and the pilots can now carry loaded fire arms. Airline tickets are becoming more expensive because of the T.S.A. The T.S.A. has collected about $15 billion in the past 9 years. The T.S.A. is the single largest federal start up since the days of World War II. The T.S.A. database has over 700,000 names as of 2007, according to the Department of Justice. Even though this helps to make the skies safer, it has frustrated many frequent flyers. Some passengers