Hyponatremia Case Study

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1.Explain the cause for her low calcium and sodium levels.
Low calcium level cause by kidney dysfunction, which results in more Calcium to be excreted in the urine and because of that kidney not able to activate vitamin D. Normal calcium level in the humans body should be from 8.5 to 10 mg/dL , patient laboratory results shows her Calcium level 7.1 mg/dL which indicates that she suffers from low calcium( hypocalcemia) which indicates that patient has a kidney problem.
Low Sodium( Hyponatremia ) caused by diabetes ,heart or kidney problem.
2. Explain the cause of her anemia. What laboratory test should indicate she is suffering from anemia? Anemia is a result of low amount of RBC ( red blood cells) or hemoglobin which is a result …show more content…
PHT is released in response to low blood Calcium levels and in order to bring blood calcium level into the normal range, the release of parathyroid hormone stimulates ostioculastic to reabsorb bone minerals and releasing Calcium into the blood.

8. Explain the physiological reason behind her physical findings (yellowish hint of the skin, sclera, multiple bruises, weakness, and edema).
Poor liver function could cause yellow discoloration, fluid accumulation in abdomen area.
The scarring and damage in the liver causes bile to build up and increases the level of bilirubin in the bloodstream .When bilirubin high it will make skin yellowish and eyes (jaundice).Bruising happens because when damage liver stop producing clotting factors and that results in bruising.
9. Explain the cause of her abnormal stool and urine sample.
White color of the urine due to diabetes, color of healthy urine is yellow or amber. Grey stool indicates that patient has a damaged liver and from drainage of bilirubin system. Bile and salts are released into stools by liver.
10. What cell does Glisten work on? Explain how this medication is able to stimulate
insulin

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