Progressive Reforms

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The United States in the early decades of the 20th century benefited from industrial growth and Progressive Reforms. Thought they experience two international wars and Great depression that helped shape education during this period. This events change the cultural in school thus the curricular and structural changes in public schools. The Great Depression cause cut back educational budgets and sawn the development of teacher unions. World War I and World War II altered education in the United States through curriculum changes with nationalism and patriotism, which significantly affected education The aftermath world war II led a large percent of people unemployment so the government develop, program of aid to veterans who had served in …show more content…
Thus the effect of hyper sense nationalism and fear cause by the war. Thought out the country in higher education there were allegations, investigations, and purges for disloyal Americans (especially German). Anti-German sentiment and allegations of disloyalty cause people like members of University of Michigan staff and instructors of German language to lost their positions during the 1917–1918 academic year (Cain 298). Even thought there was “paucity of evidence needed to convince institutional leaders of professors’ unfitness, and the conflict within a university” that was all was need to remove them from the job and ending most of their careers as educators (Cain 297). Another effect of was challenges of academic freedom at the institution of higher learning. For example, the University of Michigan’s policy of prohibiting overtly political speech to control controversial campus expression and a concern over the appearance of speech. (Cain 299-300). The purges of the individual happen because they thought to be unpatriotic for reason like they did not buy war bonds, pro-German or political affiliations. This evident in the example of Dr. Eggert, who was suspect of being disloyal and even though no proof found against the allegations he was fire. The Regent Lucius L. Hubbard of University of Michigan stated that ‘‘Eggert was responsible for …show more content…
The great depression cause impact of schools was cutbacks, school closures, and decreased salaries. Educators respond in public schools with “Back to Basics” and creation Teacher Unions. “Back to Basics” focuses on individual students' needs and self-expression Teacher Unions advocating for teacher’s interest they protect jobs, slaveries and working conditions. WWII change curricular and structural in education it started concern about science education. This follow with the development radio program Adventures in science that promoted public appreciation of science and science (Terzian, 309). The science fair competition was create to identify scientifically talented high school students (Terzian, 310). The GI Bill gave cash payments of tuition and living expenses to attend university or vocational education to veterans of the war G.I. Bill was not fairly equal to all veterans, both in regards to race and sexuality. For example, Veteran's Administration (VA) denied the claim for black veteran who sought to use his GI Bill benefits to complete a master's degree; informing him that he needed no further education (Herbold, 107). Herbold stated "The GI Bill helped blacks to go to college, but it helped whites more," even though say the GI Bill is most important educational and social transformation in American his- tory (Herbold, 107
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