Social Care As A Theoretical Framework

Theoretical Framework
The ‘marketisation of Care’ will be used as a theoretical framework for this thesis, which concerns the application of markets, market principles, and market mechanisms in the field of social care (Daly and Lewis, 2000, Glendinning, 2012, Brennan et al., 2012, Shutes and Chiatti, 2012, Nyssens et al., 2012, Williams and Brenan, 2012, Bolton and Wibberley, 2014). The ‘care diamond’ (Ochiai, 2009, Razavi, 2007) concept for elaborating care regime models, is applied to describe the background of how the marketisation of care develops. Care diamond concerns four sectors of state, market, family and community in the field of care for children and older and disabled adults, Corresponding to the ‘mixed economy of care’ (Knapp …show more content…
The marketisation of care for older people is a common trend across welfare states (Bettio et al., 2006; Shutes and Chiatti, 2012; Brennan et al., 2012; Williams and Brennan, 2012). Meanwhile, with different starting points in each country, convergences and diversities are significant in processes of the marketisation of care. Daly and Lewis (2000) illustrate that reforms of marketisation of care in paperwork are similar, but the actual practice in each country is special due to the context and rationale behind them. The core issues raised by the marketisation of care are processes of how the market mechanisms are applied and following consequences. Through comparative analysis of market-oriented reforms in England, Belgium, Italy and Germany, Nyssens et al. (2012) suggest two routes for activating marketisation of home care, namely, direct way from public to market provision (e.g. contracting out services), and indirect way from purchasing by users or family to the regular/irregular market with public support (e.g. ‘cash for care’, tax credits). Based on cases in the UK and in Mediterranean countries, Shutes and Chiatti (2012) illustrate processes of the marketisation of elder care: contracting-out care services from governments to private-for-profit and not-for-profit providers, cash transfers to prompt older people and family to employ care …show more content…
What kind of outcomes and how these outcomes present in practice are under debates and dependent on different backgrounds. The arguments of impacts focus on empowering service users, equality, competition, efficiency, quality, care relationships, and shifts of care regime. On one hand, positive outcomes of marketisation of care have been claimed, including saving expenditure of the state (Bolton and Wibberley, 2014) and service users (Nyssens et al., 2012), empowering purchasers (Greener, 2008), prompting service users’ choices (Daly and Lewis, 2000; Drakeford, 2007; Williams and Brennan, 2012), giving independence to older people (Shutes and Chiatti, 2012; Bolton and Wibberley, 2014), improving competition and efficiency of providers (Drakeford, 2007; Greener, 2008; Brennan et al., 2012; Willams and Brennan, 2012;), enhancing quality of care services (Willams and Brennan, 2012; Nyssens et al., 2012). However, there is no agreement whether all these benefits have been realised in practice or not. ‘Failures’ (Forder, et al., 1996) and ‘limits’ (Lewis and West, 2014) exist in the market and market mechanisms, leading to negative impacts of less public interests (Drakeford, 2007), inequalities (Brennan et al, 2012), limited competition (Nyssens et al., 2012), unimproved care quality and relationships (Glendinning, 2012; Lewis and West, 2014), burden on

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