Summary: The Effect Of 9/11 On Terrorism

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For most people old enough to remember it, there exists a before and after moment brought about the occurrence of the terrorist attacks of September 11th, 2001. A moment so profound that it created a chapter in people’s lives and the processes of our government. From creating wars lasting years, fueling the spending of billions of dollars and causing the deaths of hundreds of thousands of people both in the law enforcement field and of civilians 9/11 changed society profoundly. An attack that shook governments and societies to the core world wide and that sparked a renaissance in the security field. While I take increased security surveillance and crime prevention capabilities resulting from 9/11 as a positive aspect of a dark time it is impossible …show more content…
Shortly after the attacks of September 11, in 2003 the Bush administration invaded Iraq. The invasion was justified as a proactive measure to reduce America’s vulnerability due to 9/11 along with allegations that Iraq possessed weapons of mass destruction, in addition to their support for local terrorist organizations such as Al Qaeda (Encyclopedia Britannica, 2016, para. 3). The disarmament of Iraq become a priority for the U.S government that would cost the lives of 4486 American Soldiers and the lives of 165000 Iraqi civilians (Goodman, 2014, para. 2; Brown University, 2015, para. 2). In addition to the Iraq war another source of expenditure of life and money was presented in the Afghanistan war and the 10 years that it took for the the spearhead of 9/11, Osama Bin Laden, to be killed. Since the pressure on Afghani leaders to hand over was not enough or not a viable tactic the war fought in Afghanistan as a result of 9/11 brought about the direct loss of another 149000 people (Taylor, 2015, para. 1). Though an attempt create a prosperous environment of counterinsurgency and counterterrorism tactics may have proven to have brought about a safer live for those in areas of war and those overseas funding it the monetary cost and the cost of humanity and human lives …show more content…
Calling into question the role of architecture and environmental design, in any location, into the prevention of crime CPTED poses questions about how the structure of our environment can create aggravating and mitigating factors about crime. The man who coined the term CPTED in 1971, Dr. C. Ray Jeffery’s view was that since most crimes are opportunity driven, rather than behavioural characteristic driven, that environmental engineering can be a form of crime control within itself ( Jeffery, 1971, p. 13; Crowe, 2000, p.1). The essence of CPTED is to create ”the proper design and effective use of the built environment [which] can lead to a reduction in the fear of crime and the incidence of crime, and to an improvement in the quality of life” (Crowe, 2000, p.46). CPTED employs 3 main strategies, natural access control, natural surveillance and territorial reinforcement (Crowe, 2000, p.36). Natural access focuses on the premise that the design of the environment should be blatantly obvious in where unauthorized people are allowed to go and where they are not allowed to go (Crowe, 2000, p.52). Natural access control states that restricting access should not just focus on locks, guards and no entry signs but on the design on the environmental layout itself. Natural surveillance looks at the aspects of the design that allow for everyday, easy surveillance of the people within the environment
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