In 2014 there were an estimated fifty-four million people enrolled in Medicare programs. Despite the increase in Medicare enrollees since 1990, the number of inpatient hospital beds has decreased by forty-five percent. As part of its initial mandate the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services (“CMS”) stated that the initial law did not “authorize any Federal officer or employee to exercise any supervision or control over the practice of medicine or the manner in which medical services are provided or over the selection, tenure, or compensation…of any institution, agency, or person providing health