The Transtheoretical Model

The Transtheoretical Model (TTM) is a model that assess individual’s readiness on a behaviour change and guide individual to obtain a more healthy behaviour (Prochaska & DiClemente, 1982). It was developed by a professor called James O. Prochaska, based on analysis of theories of psychotherapy and behavioural change (Guillot, Kilpatrick, Hebert, & Hollander, 2004). Prochaska and DiClemente (1982) further modified and refined the TTM. It has been found to be more effective for changing exercise behaviour across different age groups, as compared to not having any theory or model (Zhu, Ho, Sit, & He, 2014). TTM consists of four main constructs: stages of change, processes of change, self-efficacy, and decisional balance (Prochaska & DiClemente, …show more content…
The sample consisted of 1067 healthy adults and 670 of them have a Body Mass Index (BMI) of 25.0 or more. They completed a questionnaire sent out by the researchers. The questionnaire contained questions with demographic variables, self-reported levels of exercise and TTM constructs such as the stages of change and decisional balance. Patterns were found across the stages of change and they were consistent with the prediction of TTM. The patterns were also the same as the patterns observed in previous studies, hence supporting the applicability of …show more content…
Adolescents are mostly schooling and schools will have a physical education (PE) subject in their curriculum. Prapavessis, Maddison, and Brading (2004) did a study on exercise behaviour among New Zealand adolescents using TTM. 3972 students participated and completed a questionnaire, consisting of TTM constructs, at the start of the study. Six months later, 1434 of the participants completed another questionnaire which focused on the stages of change. The results for the first questionnaire showed a large effect for self-efficacy, decisional balance and two of the processes (counter-conditioning and self-liberation). The results for the second questionnaire surprisingly showed the prediction of TTM constructs from the first questionnaire. Hence, TTM was supported to be a useful framework for assessing the readiness and stage progression of the adolescents.
As there is lacking in research for TTM on clinical settings, Guillot et al. (2004) conducted a study with people who participated in cardiac and pulmonary rehabilitation program. The findings suggested that TTM can be used to understand the adherence of rehabilitation programs. Therefore, the findings supported TTM theory and could help in developing stage-matched interventions for patients to adhere their rehabilitation

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