For instance, the trial of Tom Robinson highlights the injustices faced by black individuals within the legal system, where the presumption of guilt is based on skin color rather than evidence. The themes of racial bias, injustice, and moral courage depicted in “To Kill a Mockingbird” continue to repeat in contemporary racial institutions. From situations in criminal justice sentencing to unequal access to education and employment opportunities, the legacy of historical racism continues to shape modern societal structures. For example, studies have shown that black individuals are disproportionately targeted by law enforcement and receive harsher sentences compared to their white counterparts, which provides a basic understanding of Tom Robinson’s case in the novel. In addition, “To Kill a Mockingbird” offers insights into the general idea of racism and other forms of oppression, such as gender and class discrimination. Characters like Mayella exemplify the complexities of power dynamics within racism, where white privilege intersects with economic vulnerability to expose cycles of