The human body lives in symbiosis with bacteria making up the human microbiome. These bacteria are normally present in human organisms and have beneficial effects in our physiology. However, pathogenic bacteria can cause infection and lead to disease. Some bacteria have been linked to certain types of cancer, e.g. Helicobacter pylori and gastric cancer. Nonetheless, bacteria, bacterial toxins or spores are being considered in alternative cancer therapy. They show high selectivity for infecting malignant tumor cells and could provide better outcomes for patients who do not respond well to conventional cancer therapies, e.g. chemotherapy. Understanding both the malignant