Cell and Cellular Biology Essay

Submitted By crazy12dd
Words: 1809
Pages: 8
Open Document
Biology

5-1

Cellular Biology
Cell Structure
General types of cellular structure:
• Prokaryote
(e.g., bacteria and blue-green algae)
• Eukaryote
(e.g., plants and animals)

Professional Publications, Inc.

FERC

Biology

5-2

Cellular Biology: Cell Structure—Prokaryotes
Prokaryotes:
• Single-cell organisms with a primitive nucleus that lack a confining membrane
• Reproduce asexually by binary fission (dividing in two)
Components of prokaryotic cells:
• Periplasmic space, outer membrane, protoplasm
• Chromosome
• Ribosomes
• Peptooglycan
• Pilus, flagella

Professional Publications, Inc.

FERC

Biology

5-3a

Cellular Biology: Cell Structure—Eukaryotes
Eukaryotes:
• Much larger
• Have a definite nucleus
• Most often part of a multi-cell organism Common components found in animal and plant cells:
• Mitochondria
• Plasma membrane
• Nucleus
• Endoplasmic reticulum
• Golgi complex

Professional Publications, Inc.

FERC

Biology

5-3b

Cellular Biology: Cell Structure—Eukaryotes
Component found in animal cells only:
• Lysosomes
Components found in plant cells only:
• Chloroplast
• Tonoplast
• Central vacuole
• Starch granules
• Cell wall

Professional Publications, Inc.

FERC

Biology

5-3c

Cellular Biology: Cell Structure—Eukaryotes
Example (FEIM):
Which of the following is NOT found in a eukaryote animal cell?
(A) mitochondria
(B) nucleus
(C) chloroplast
(D) lysosome
Eukaryote animal cells do not have chlorophyll or chloroplast.
Therefore, the answer is (C).

Professional Publications, Inc.

FERC

Biology

5-3d

Cellular Biology: Cell Structure—Eukaryotes
Example (FEIM):
What is the function of the tonoplast in a eukaryote plant cell?
(A) encloses the vacuole
(B) provides a specialized cell substructure (organelle) where photosynthesis takes place
(C) converts oxygen, O2, to ozone, O3
(D) inhibits cell division
Tonoplast encloses the vacuole. Knowledge questions of this type sometimes have possible answers that can be eliminated because they are nonsense or they are unrelated to the subject. This improves the chances of guessing correctly. One should recognize answers (C) and (D) are unrelated to cell biology structure.
Therefore, the answer is (A).

Professional Publications, Inc.

FERC

Biology

5-4

Cellular Biology: Cell Subdivision

This table is given in the NCEES Handbook – read and understand it.

Professional Publications, Inc.

FERC

Biology

5-5a

Cellular Biology: Cell Growth
To study the cell growth rate of a species and how different conditions affect the cell growth, cell cultures are grown under controlled conditions with a controlled nutrient medium.

The growth pattern of a controlled culture of bacteria is shown in
FERM Fig. 33.3.

Growth phases of bacteria:
1. Lag phase
2. Accelerated growth phase
3. Declining growth phase
4. Stationary phase
5. Death phase

Professional Publications, Inc.

FERC

Biology

5-5b

Cellular Biology: Cell Growth
Example (FEIM):
What is most nearly the growth rate of the population in the “Organismal
Growth in Batch Culture” chart in the
NCEES Handbook during the log growth phase? Use base-10 logarithms. (a) 23%/h

!

The curve point at t = 15 h is the origin.
Then, the elapsed time between the two points is 10 h. log 80 000 = m(10 h) + log 3000 m = 1.389%/h (39%/h)

(b) 39%/h

(c) 57%/h

The graph is linear during the exponent growth phase. The equation of a straight line involving N (number of bacteria) and t (time in hours) is log Nt = mt + log N0

(d) 245%/h

The population curve at 25 h crosses the seventh line above 104, so the population! 8 x 104 at 25 h. The is population curve also crosses the second line above 103 at 15 h, so the population is 3 x 103 at 15 h.

Therefore, the answer is (B).

Professional Publications, Inc.

FERC

Biology

5-5c

Cellular
Show More

Related Documents: Cell and Cellular Biology Essay

Cellular Respiration Research Paper

Cellular respiration can be defined as the set of reactions that take place inside a cell to convert energy from nutrients into the high-energy molecule adenosine triphosphate (ATP), this energy is used to fuel all the activities of the cell, with the release of waste products (Biology Online Dictionary , 2010). Energy can be defined as the ability to do work; cellular respiration provides energy to do this work in living organisms. Cellular respiration is important as it allows all organisms to…

Words 758 - Pages 4

Cells: Dna and C. Elegans Essay

Cell Membranes Learn that membranes are fluid, with components that move, change, and perform vital physiological roles as they allow cells to communicate with each other and their environment. Cell Signaling Learn that living organisms constantly receive and interpret signals from their environment. Cells of multi-cellular organisms also receive signals from other cells, including signals for cell division and differentiation. Studying Cells Introduce yourself to the cell as the fundamental…

Words 389 - Pages 2

The neuroscience of the brain Essay

seen as a branch of biology. However, it is currently an interdisciplinary science that collaborates with other fields such as chemistry, computer science, engineering, linguistics, mathematics, medicine and allied disciplines, philosophy, physics, and psychology. It also exerts influence on other fields, such as neuroeducation[2] and neurolaw. The term neurobiology is usually used interchangeably with the term neuroscience, although the former refers specifically to the biology of the nervous system…

Words 901 - Pages 4

Energy Review Essay

Name _____________________________ Period _________ Regents Biology Date ______________________ REVIEW 3: NUTRITION, RESPIRATION & PHOTOSY/NTHESIS NUTRITION AND METABOLISM All living organisms need energy and nutrients. The energy is used for many purposes, such as  synthesis → building more molecules  growth → making new cells to grow larger  repair → making new cells to mend injuries  locomotion → moving around in the environment The nutrients are also…

Words 1023 - Pages 5

Develop An Appreciation For The Complexity Of Life

This course is designed to be an introduction to biology. This includes discussions of cellular structure and composition as well as the functions of individual structures in the cell as they relate to the organism as a whole. This course will also include information on genetics as it relates to heredity as well as discussions on how DNA contains all of the information for creating a living organism. We will also be discussing Biology on a larger scale with topics such as ecology and evolution…

Words 844 - Pages 4

Essay Biology Vocabulary for Final Exams

Vocabulary for Final Exams: Biology Homeostasis Biology Carbohydrate Lipid Protein Nucleic Acid Prokaryote Eukaryote Organelle Cells ATP The process where an organism regulates its internal environment. The study of life Major source of energy for the human body; made of C:H:O Macromolecule made mainly from carbon and hydrogen atoms; one glycerol and 3 fatty acids Principal component of organisms; needed by cells for growth and repair; macromolecule made of C:H:O:N Macromolecule that carries…

Words 480 - Pages 2

Nt1310 Unit 1 Assignment

Assignment. regarding Cell Cycle, Mitosis, and Meiosis Indeed, below assignment is in aid of demonstration of knowledge and skill in identifying the stages of the cell cycle, mitosis, alongside meiosis. Additionally, the cell cycle is an ordered series of events that unfold within a cell in distinct phases, yet each with specific tasks alongside, objectives. Honestly, it involves a series of events occurring in a cell as it grows and divides. Cell division is the process in which one cell, known as, the…

Words 1085 - Pages 5

Importance Of Unifying Themes In Biology

Chapters 1-4 Disclaimer: If there is something on the test that does not appear on this sheet it is not intentional. My job is to help the student learn to the best of my ability. CHAPTER 1 THE SCIENCE OF BIOLOGY 1.1 The Science of Life Explain the importance of biology as a science. What is biology? What are the characteristics of living organisms. Recognize the hierarchical organization of living systems. 1.2 The Nature of Science Describe the types of reasoning used by biologists. Inductive/deductive…

Words 747 - Pages 3

8 29 Biology Chapter 1 and 20 Essay

Fundamentals of Biology 1. Biology: Exploring Life 1.1. All forms of life share common properties 1.1.1. 7 properties we associate with life = order-life is organized (cells are organized), reproduction (pass on DNA), growth and development, energy processing, regulation (of their internal environment), response to the environment, evolutionary adaptation 1.2. Hierarchy of organization 1.2.1. Biosphere  Ecosystem  Community  Population  Organism  Organ system  Organ  Tissue  Cell  Organelle…

Words 759 - Pages 4

Essay on Studying Life

Lecture Notes by Ian Craine to accompany Life: The Science of Biology, Ninth Edition Sadava • Hillis • Heller • Berenbaum Chapter 1: Studying Life Introduction • Biologists’ goals are to understand how organisms function and to use that knowledge to help solve problems. • For example, University of California at Berkeley professor Tyrone Hayes applied the scientific method in his studies on why amphibian populations around the world are in serious decline. • Hayes found that a common…

Words 4273 - Pages 18