Skin Cancer Research Paper

Skin cancer is the uncontrolled development of strange skin cells. It happens when unrepaired DNA hurt to skin cells (most often caused by ultraviolet radiation from sunshine or tanning beds) generates mutations, or genetic defects, that lead the skin cells to grow fast and form malignant tumors. About 1,685,210 new cancer cases are expected to be diagnosed. Skin cancer is the most commonly diagnosed Cancer in the US. However, the authentic number of the maximum common types – basal cell and squamous cell skin cancer (i.e., keratinocyte carcinoma or KC), similarly mentioned to as non-melanoma skin cancer – is very difficult to estimate because these cases are not required to be reported to cancer registries. An estimated 76,380 new cases of …show more content…
Introduction
Human skin, which covers the entire body is the largest organ and provides several important functions including protection, regulation of body temperature and water balance. Like any other body organ, skin is susceptible to various diseases, including skin cancer. [7]
Skin cancer is the most common of all cancers accounting for nearly 40% of all cancer cases [8], and its incidence is on the rise. It is utmost important to detect the skin cancers at early stage. Proper diagnosis is critical for survival of the patient. The three known types of skin cancer are basal cell and squamous cell carcinomas and malignant melanoma. Of these, malignant melanoma is potentially the most dangerous. While accounting for only 5% of all incidences of skin cancer, melanoma is responsible for 71% of all skin cancer-related deaths. Currently, suspicious skin abnormalities are sent for biopsy analysis, but the biopsy procedure is unpleasant for the patient and slow in yielding diagnostic results. There is a need for a fast, accurate and non-invasive system to provide dermatologists an electronic second opinion to their diagnostic decisions in order to minimize unwanted benign biopsies. A quick, non-invasive means of detection and test for malignancy will provide invaluable real time information to the physician [9]. The use of Millimeter Waves (MMWs) signals to detect and characterize incidences of skin cancer is an area of research that is relatively …show more content…
Research to date has focused on the characterization of non-biological dielectric samples with known properties and predictable responses. New data include those obtained using an open-ended waveguide antenna, and layer extraction results using signal cancellation. The skin consists of three major tissue layers with sub layers: 1) the epidermis with the stratum corneum, 2) the dermis, and 3) the hypodermis. The water content generally increases from the stratum corneum toward the deeper layers, and the thickness of the layers is different at different body sites. The interaction of Millimeter Waves (MMWs) with skin has been simulated with skin modeled as a semi-infinite homogenous layer [10] [11] [12] as a multilayer system with planar boundaries, or as a system with gradual changing water concentration and permittivity (Figure1) . Since the stratum corneum is only between 10 and 30 nm thick at most body sites and since the remaining epidermis and dermis have comparable water

Show More